JMS, Vol. 58, No. 1, 2022
GEOMECHANICS
3D MODEL OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF GRANULAR MEDIUM
A. F. Revuzhenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: revuzhenko@yandex.ru
The author presents a 3D structured packing with a coordination index equal to 8 to replace effectively a real-life random packing of particles. The notions of vectors of principal stresses and plastic strain rates are introduced. 3D equations of plastic deformation are constructed. They fulfill the model adequacy requirement—zero energy dissipation in the medium of perfectly smooth particles. In the presence of internal friction, the equations lead to a nonassociated flow rule.
3D model, energy dissipation, effective packing
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912201001X
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MICROSEISMIC MONITORING OF GEODYNAMIC PHENOMENA IN ROCKBURST-HAZARDOUS MINING CONDITIONS
A. A. Eremenko, S. N. Mulev, and V. A. Shtirts
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: eremenko@ngs.ru
Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, 650000 Russia
VNIMI JSC, Saint-Petersburg, 199106 Russia
e-mail: mulev.vnimi.ru
Evraz ZSMK—Division of Evrazruda, Sheregesh, 652971 Russia
e-mail: Vladimir.Shtirts@evraz.com
The stress–strain behavior patterns in rockburst-hazardous rock mass are described as a case-study of mineral deposits in Gornaya Shoria. The microseismic research data on development of rockburst hazard criteria are described. Geodynamic events are predicted in extraction blocks during blasting, with detection of possible damages in underground openings using the obtained patterns of different energy shocks.
Rock mass, stress–strain behavior, geodynamic phenomena, rockburst hazard, technology, mining system, blast, block
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010021
REFERENCES
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2. Eremenko, А.А., Gaidin, А.P., and Eremenko, V.А., Otrabotka tekhnologicheskikh blokov pri massovom obrushenii rud v usloviyakh napryazhenno-deformirovannogo sostoyaniya gornykh porod (Mining of Production Blocks during Mass Caving of Ores in Conditions of Stress-Strain State of Rocks), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2002.
3. Galchenko, Yu.P. and Eremenko, V.A., Model Representation of Anthropogenically Modified Subsoil as a New Object in Lithosphere, Eurasian Mining, 2019, no. 2, pp. 3–8.
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6. Eremenko, A.A., Blast Design for Improved Performance and Reduced Surface Vibration–A Case Study, Proc. 8th Int. Conf. on Deep and High Stress Mining, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2017.
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ACOUSTIC NOISE IN COAL SEAM AS AN INDICATOR OF GEODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR IN LONGWALL
M. Reuter, M. Krach, U. Kieβling, and J. Veksler
Marco Systemanalyse und Entwicklung GmbH, Dachau, Germany
e-mail: Sekretariat@marco.de
Based on the mathematical modeling of the geomechanical condition of a coal face, it is shown that destruction of the face zone occurs in the form of squeezing-out and spalling within an operational cycle. The acoustic noise in the longwall is analyzed, and the noise spectrum peak frequency is determined. The peak frequency is reflective of the size of the damage area in the face zone.
Longwall face, squeezing-out, spalling, acoustic noise, spectral peak frequency
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010033
REFERENCES
1. Antsiferov, M.S., Antsiferova, N.G., and Kagan, Ya.Ya., Seismoakusticheskie issledovaniya i problema prognoza dinamicheskikh yavlenii (Seismic Research and Prediction of Dynamic Phenomena), Moscow: Nauka, 1971.
2. Lunev, S.G and Kolchin, G.I., Parameters of Acoustic Signals in Outburst Hazard Control, Sposoby i sredstva sozdaniya bezopasnykh i zdorovykh uslovii truda ve ugol’nykh skakhtakh: sb. nauch. tr. (Methods and Facilities for Creating Safe and Healthy Operating Environment in Coal Mines: Collection of Scientific Papers), MakNII, 2002, pp. 45–52.
3. Reuter, M., Krach, M., Kieβling, U., Veksler, J., Kopylov, K.N., Kosterenko, V.N., Smirnov, R.V., and Aksenov, Z.V., Seismoacoustic Monitoring of an Automated Longwall Face, J. Fundament. Appl. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 206–210.
4. Reuter, M., Krach, M., Kieβling, U., and Veksler, J., Seismic Monitoring of Geodynamic Behavior of Rock Mass around Operating Faces, Naukoemk. Tekhnol. Razrb. Ispol’z. Miner. Resurs., 2021, no. 7, pp. 19–23.
5. Shadrin, A.V. and Kontrimas, F.F., Determination Procedure of Outburst Hazard Criteria by Amplitude–Frequency Characteristics of Operating Equipment Noise, Naukoemk. Tekhnol. Razrb. Ispol’z. Miner. Resurs., 2020, no. 6, pp. 331–337.
6. Kopylov, K.N., Smirnov, O.V., and Kulik, A.I., Acoustic Control of Rock Mass and Prediction of Dynamic Phenomena, Bezop. Truda Prom., 2015, no. 8, pp. 32–37.
7. Instruktsiya po prognozu dinamicheskikh yavlenii i monitoringu massiva gornykh porod pri otrabotke ugol’nykh mestorozhdenii (Guidance on Prediction of Dynamic Phenomena and Monitoring of Rock Mass in Coal Mining), Approved by Rostekhnadzor Order no. 515 dated December 10, 2020.
8. Shadrin, A.V., Klishin, V.I., and Diyuk, Yu.A., Determination Procedure of Outburst Hazard Criteria in the Acoustic Spectrum-Based Method of Prediction, Naukoemk. Tekhnol. Razrb. Ispol’z. Miner. Resurs., 2021, no. 7, pp. 324–329.
9. Korol’, V.I. and Skobenko, A.V., Akusticheskii sposob prognoza gazodinamicheskikh yavlenii v ugol’nykh shakhtakh (Acoustic Prediction of Gasdynamic Phenomena in Coal Mines), Dnepropetrovsk: NGU, 2013.
10. Metelev, I.S., Ovchinnikov, M.N., Marfin, E.A., Gaifutdinov, R.R., and Sagirov, R.N., Study of Acoustic Noise in Gas Filtration in a Porous Medium, Acoustic Physics, 2019, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 200–207.
11. Serdyukov, S.V. and Azarov, A.V., Excitation of Seismic Vibrations in Fractures by Water Flow and Determination of the Flow Parameters Using the Seismic Radiation Patterns, Journal of Mining Science, 2021, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 728–739.
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14. Zborshchik, M.P., Osokin, V.V., and Sokolov, N.M., Predotvrashchenie gazodinamicheskikh yavlenii v ugol’nykh shakhtakh (Prevention of Gasdynamic Phenomena in Coal Mines), Kiev: Tekhnika, 1984.
15. Reuter, M., Kurfürst, V., Mayrhofer, K., and Veksler, J., Undulant Rock Pressure Distribution along a Longwall Face, Journal of Mining Science, 2009, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 130–136.
16. Shinkevich, M.V., Variation in Rock Pressure along a Longwall, Vestn. VostNII, 2018, no. 3, pp. 38–44.
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IMPACT OF INDUCED DEFORMATIONS IN UNDERMINED ROCK MASS ON GRAVITY FIELD TRANSFORMANTS
G. P. Shcherbinina and G. V. Prostolupov
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614007 Russia
e-mail: gena-prost@yandex.ru
The paper concerns an interpretation of high-precision gravimeter observations in the Upper Kama Potash Salt Deposit. The studies aim to detect the mining-induced softened areas in undermined rock mass. It is found that the gravity field transformants exhibit induced softening areas as flat inclined negative anomalies that intersect the undermined rock mass from top downward. The spatial location of the induced softening areas in rock mass is determined.
Potash salt deposit, gravimetry, monitoring, stress state, undermined rock mass deformation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010045
REFERENCES
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2. Kantemirov, Yu.I., Kamza, А.Т., Bermukhanova, А.М., Togaibekov, А.Zh., Sanarbekova, М.А., and Nikiforov, S.I., Space Radar Monitoring of Displacements of the Earth’s Surface on the Example of an Oil Field in the Mangistau Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Geomatika, 2014, no. 4, pp. 46–58.
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4. Kudryashov, А.I., Verkhnekamskoe mestorozhdeniye solei (Upper Kama Salt Deposit), Perm: GI UrO RAN, 2001.
5. Dzhinoridze, N.M. (ed.), Petrotektonicheskie osnovy bezopasnoi ekspluatatsii Verkhnekamskogo mestorozhdeniya kaliino-magnievykh solei (Petrotectonic Foundations for the Safe Mining of the Upper Kama Potassium-Magnesium Salt Deposit), Saint Petersburg: Solikamsk: OGUP Solikamskaya Tipografiya, 2000.
6. Shcherbinina, G.P., Prostolupov, G.V., and Bychkov, S.G., The Gravimetrical Survey in Handling the Geological and Mining Problems at the Upper Kama Potassium Salt Deposit, J. Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 566–572.
7. Shcherbinina, G.P. and Prostolupov, G.V., High-Precision Gravimetry for Safe Mining of the Upper Kama Potassium Salt Deposit, GIAB, 2015, no. 3, pp. 219–226.
8. Novoselitskiy, V.М., Chadaev, М.S., Pogadaev, S.V., and Kutin, V.А., Metod vektornogo skanirovaniya. Geofizicheskie metody poiskov i razvedki mestorozhdenii nefti i gaza: sb. nauch. tr. (Vector Scanning Method. Geophysical Methods of Prospecting and Exploration of Oil and Gas Fields: Collection of Scientific Works), Perm: PGU, 1998.
9. Bychkov, S.G., Comparative Possibilities of Interpretation of Gravimetric Materials in the VECTOR System, Proc. of Regional Sci. Pract. Conf. On Geology and Minerals of the Western Urals, Perm: PGU, 2002.
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11. Devyatkov, S.Yu., K voprosu opredeleniya uslovii formirovaniya provalov na zemnoi poverkhnosti. Strategiya i protsessy osvoyeniya georesursov: sb. nauch. tr. Vyp. 12 (On the Problem of Determining the Conditions for Sinkhole Formation on the Earth’s Surface. Strategy and Processes of Georesources Development: Collection of Scientific Works. Issue 12), Perm: GI UrO RAN, 2014.
12. Fedoseev, А.К., Uchet lokalizatsii narushenii v nadsolyanoi tolshche pri otsenke bezopasnykh uslovii podrabotki VZT. Strategiya i protsessy osvoyeniya georesursov: sb. nauch. tr. Vyp. 13 (Accounting for the Localization of Disturbances in Suprasalt when Assessing Safe Conditions for Undermining the Water-Impervious Strata. Strategy and Processes of Georesources Development: Collection of Scientific Works. Issue 13), Perm: GI UrO RAN, 2015.
13. Kheraskov, N.P., Rol’ tektoniki v izuchenii zakonomernostei razmeshcheniya poleznykh iskopayemykh v zemnoi kore. Zakonomernosti razmeshcheniya poleznykh iskopayemykh (The Role of Tectonics in Studying the Patterns of Mineral Distribution in the Earth’s Crust. Patterns of Mineral Distribution), Moscow: AN SSSR, 1958.
14. Balek, А.Е., Self-Organization of Strain Fields in Rock Masses and Its Use in Solving Geomechanical Problems, Problemy Nedropol’zovaniya, 2016, no. 4, pp. 90–96.
MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
EVALUATING THE INFLUENCE OF UNDERGROUND MINING SEQUENCE UNDER AN OPEN PIT MINE
T. K. M. Dintwe, T. Sasaoka, H. Shimada, A. Hamanaka, and D. Moses
Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
e-mail: dintwe18r@mine.kyushu-u.ac.jp; kgetsemd@gmail.com
For this study, as part of the underground operations, the underground mining sequence was explored for suitability in the Zuuntsagaan mine. Two mining sequences are considered; bottom-up (B-U) and top-bottom (T-B), and the instability of stopes and open pit slopes is evaluated in response to each sequence. For the present rock mass conditions and stress state, with reference to the underground section, the results revealed that T-B sequence has lower ground movements. On the open pit section, the effect of the two sequences is relatively the same while the difference is mainly observed in the underground section.
Underground mining sequence, open pit-underground mine interaction, slope stability, numerical modeling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010057
REFERENCES
1. Hamman, E., Cowan, M., Venter, J., and Souza, J., Considerations for Open Pit to Underground Transition Interaction, Proc. of Int. Symp. on Slope Stability in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering, Perth, 2020.
2. Bakhtavar, E., Shahriar, K., and Oraee, K., Transition from Open-Pit to Underground as a New Optimization Challenge in Mining Engineering, J. Min. Sci., 2009, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 485–494.
3. Bakhtavar, E., Transition from Open-Pit to Underground in the Case of Chah-Gaz Iron Ore Combined Mining, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 955–966.
4. Eremenko, A.A., Klishin, V.I., Eremenko, V.A., and Filatov, A.P., Feasibility Study of a Geotechnology for Underground Mining at Udachnaya Kimberlite Pipe under the Opencast Bottom, J. Min. Sci., 2008, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 271–282.
5. Eremenko, A.A., Seryakov, V.M., and Filatov, A.P., Estimate of the Rock Mass Stress State in the Course of Mining the Reserves subjacent the Open Pit Bottom at the Udachnaya Pipe, J. Min. Sci., 2007, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 361–369.
6. Karakus, M., Zhukovskiy, S., and Goodchild, D., Investigating the Influence of Underground Ore Productions on the Overall Stability of an Existing Open Pit, Procedia Eng., 2017, vol. 191, pp. 600–608.
7. Vyazmensky, A., Stead, D., Elmo, D., and Moss, A., Numerical Analysis of Block Caving-Induced Instability in Large Open Pit Slopes: A Finite Element/Discrete Element Approach, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 2010, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 21–39.
8. Liu, K., Zhu, W., Wang, Q., Liu, X., and Liu, X., Mining Method Selection and Optimization for Hanging-Wall Ore-Body at Yanqianshan Iron Mine, China, Geotech. Geol. Eng., 2017, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 225–241.
9. Mohanto, S. and Deb, D., Prediction of Plastic Damage Index for Assessing Rib Pillar Stability in Underground Metal Mine Using Multi-Variate Regression and Artificial Neural Network Techniques, Geotech. Geol. Eng., 2020, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 767–790.
10. Sokolov, I.V., Smirnov, A.A., Antipin, Yu.G., and Baranovsky, K.V., Rational Design of Ore Discharge Bottom in Transition from Open Pit to Underground Mining in Udachny Mine, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 90–98.
11. Sokolov, I.V., Smirnov, A.A., Antipin, Yu.G., Nikitin, I.V., and Tishkov, M.V., Substantiation of Protective Cushion Thickness in Mining under Open Pit Bottom with the Caving Methods at Udachnaya Pipe, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 226–236.
12. Potvin, Y. and Hudyma, M., Open Stope Mining in Canada, Massmin 2000, Brisbane, 2000.
13. Villaescusa, E., Geotechnical Design for Sublevel Open Stoping, 2014.
14. Campbell, A., Mu, E.A., and Lilley, C., Cave Propagation and Open Pit Interaction at the Ernest Henry mine, Proc. of the 7th Int. Conf. Mass Min., Sydney, 2016.
15. Brummer, R.K., Li, H., and Moss, A., The Transition from Open Pit to Underground Mining: An Unusual Slope Failure Mechanism at Palabora, South Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. Int. Symp. Stab. Rock Slopes Open Pit Min. Civ. Eng., 2006.
16. Bieniawski, Z.T., Engineering Classification of Jointed Rock Masses, 1973.
17. Aydan, O., A Stress Inference Method Based on Structural Geological Features for the Full-Stress Components in the Earth’s Crust, Yerbilimberi, 2000.
18. Aydan, O., An Integrated Approach for the Evaluation of Measurements and Inferences of In-Situ Stresses, ISRM, Tampere: Int. Soc. Rock Mech. and Rock Eng., 2016.
A PATH SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZING ULTIMATE LIMIT OF OPEN PIT MINES WITH GEOMECHANICAL CONSTRAINTS
N. Babanouri, H. Dehghani, and M. Khodaveisi
Department of Mining Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
e-mail: babanouri@hut.ac.ir
In this study, a path search algorithm is introduced for exploring the ultimate pit limit using the Lerchs–Grossmann method. In an iteration of the algorithm, each vertex of the solution is randomly moved within a specified neighborhood. The vertices’ motion in such a neighborhood ensures that the formation of abnormal shapes is prevented. Since an open-pit design needs to address geomechanical concerns coincident with economic value maximization, the movements resulting in segments steeper than an allowable slope angle are discarded. For each valid vertex movement, the benefit of the resulted pit limit was calculated. The new position of the vertex is accepted according to a probabilistic regime in order to prevent the algorithm be trapped in a local maximum. Independence of the slope from the block size is one of the main advantages of the suggested algorithm. Hence, the algorithm provides a better mapping to the ore body and results in a higher benefit. The reason is the mobility of the path search algorithm and its high flexibility.
Open pit mine, ultimate pit limit, benefit, path search, optimization, geomechanical constraints
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010069
REFERENCES
1. Zhao, Y. and Kim, Y., A New Optimum Pit Limit Design Algorithm, Proc. 23rd Int. Symp. Application of Computers and Operations Res., The Mineral Industries: AIME Littleton, 1992.
2. Khalokakaie, R., Dowd, P.A., and Fowell, R.J., A Windows Program for Optimal Open Pit Design with Variable Slope Angles, Int. J. Surface Min., Reclamation and Env., 2000, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 261–275.
3. Johnson, T.B. and Sharp, W.R., A Three-Dimensional Dynamic Programming Method for Optimal Ultimate Open Pit Design, Vol. 7553, Bureau of Mines, US Dep. of the Interior, 1971.
4. Khalokakaie, R., Dowd P.A., and Fowell, R.J., Lerchs–Grossmann Algorithm with Variable Slope Angles, Min. Technol., 2000, vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 77–85.
5. Lerchs, H. and Grossmann, I., Optimum Design of Open-Pit Mines, Transactions of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1965, vol. 68, pp. 17–24.
6. Ordin, A.A. and Vasil’ev, I.V., Optimized Depth of Transition from Open Pit to Underground Coal Mining, J. Min. Sci., 2015, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 696–706.
7. Sayadi, A.R., Fathianpour, N., and Mousavi, A.A., Open Pit Optimization in 3D Using a New Artificial Neural Network, Archiv. Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 389–403.
8. Frimpong, S., Asa, E., and Szymanski, J., Intelligent Modeling: Advances in Open Pit Mine Design and Optimization Research, Int. J. Surface Min., Reclamation Env., 2002, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 134–143.
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SCIENCE OF MINING MACHINES
HYDRAULIC IMPACTOR CONTROL METHODS AND CHARTS
L. V. Gorodilov and V. G. Kudryavtsev
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: gor@misd.ru
e-mail: vit22@ngs.ru
The authors discuss the approved advanced control charts for operational cycles of hydraulic impacting machines. These control charts allow adjusting operational characteristics of the machines either using only pressure back-coupling between the fluid power system and distributor, or in combination with introduced additional pressure control. The article describes adaptive impacting machines equipped with the control charts which allow adjustment of blow energy and frequency subject to properties of a medium being fractured. It is emphasized that to expand the application range of hydraulic impactors, it is required to design high-frequency percussion machines with high impact capacity owing to improvement of distributors and due to transition to the increased power fluid pressure.
Hydraulic impactor, operational cycle, distributor, blow frequency and energy, adaptive machine
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010070
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DOWNHOLE IMPULSIVE VIBRATION SOURCE SPECTRA
B. F. Simonov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: Simonov_bf@mail.ru
The author analyzes spectra of a downhole impulsive vibration source with two power-supply units and an electromagnetic hammer using the Fourier series. The amplitude–frequency characteristics of the impulsive and unbalanced-mass vibration sources of adequate sizes are compared. The impulsive vibrator has much higher amplitudes and wider spectra of output signals than the unbalanced-mass vibration source.
Downhole impulsive vibration source, frequency, vibration period, spectrum, pulse duration, signal amplitude
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010082
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MINING THERMOPHYSICS
MODELING FROZEN COAL HOLDING CONDITIONS IN BURIED STORAGE ROOMS IN THE PERMAFROST ZONE
Yu. A. Khokholov and V. L. Gavrilov
Chersky Institute of Mining of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Yakutsk, 677980 Russia
e-mail: khokholov@igds.ysn.ru
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: gvlugorsk@mail.ru
The study addresses efficiency of natural cold and the permafrost properties in the Central and Arctic Yakutia in holding of frozen coal in buried storage rooms. The heat transfer modeling takes into account the climate, parameters of a storage room and heat insulation. It is shown that coal thaws less than the host rocks because of its low thermal conductivity. When a storage room is filled in winter, coal will remain frozen for a few years, and heat insulation will greatly reduce the rate of thawing in the overburden. It is emphasized that as against the width and slope of the storage room, its occurrence depth is the main factor to govern the size of the thawed zone by the end of the warm period of storage. Natural cold in the buried storage room decreases coal oxidation, preserves coal properties, and improves energy security of the hard-to-reach areas.
Coal, storage, oxidation, permafrost zone, hard-to-reach areas, Yakutia, buried storage room, modeling, heat transfer
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010094
REFERENCES
1. Gavrilov, V.L., Khokholov, Yu.A., and Fedorov, V.I., J. Fundament. Appl. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 219–225.
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DEEP WELL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN MUTNOVSKOE GEOTHERMAL FIELD, KAMCHATKA
A. N. Shulyupin, A. A. Lyubin, and I. I. Chernev
Institute of Mining, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, 680000 Russia
e-mail: ans714@mail.ru
Renewable Energetics—PAO Kamchatskenergo’s Division, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 680009 Russia
e-mail: Lyubin-AA@kamenergo.ru
Exploitation of Mutnovskoe Geothermal Field, which is a key asset of geothermal power engineering in Russia, is faced with the problem connected with reduction in pressure in the producing reservoir, which results in decommissioning of production wells. Production capacity of planned wells 3 and 4 km deep for treating deeper horizons in Mutnovskoe Field is predicted. The prediction results are compared with the data of a standard production well 2 km deep in this field and prove the promising nature of the deeper horizons of this reservoir. In particular, essentially greater steam flow rate out is expected in the deeper production well as compared with the standard well. Furthermore, it is expected to produce much more geothermal energy owing to the increased allowable reduction in the reservoir pressure and thanks to additional heat elimination from larger volume of enclosing rock mass of the produced fluid.
Geothermal field, geothermal reservoir, production well, steam lift, allowable reservoir depression, fluid, steam, steam–water mixture
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010100
REFERENCES
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MINE AEROGASDYNAMICS
IDENTIFICATION OF PARAMETERS FOR HIGH-PRESSURE HYDRO SWIRL NOZZLES FOR DUST SUPPRESSION
V. N. Makarov, A. V. Ugol’nikov, N. V. Makarov, and L. A. Antropov
Ural State Mining University, Yekaterinburg, 620144 Russia
e-mail: uk.intelnedra@gmail.com
Based on the mathematical model of hydro swirl orthokinetic inertia hetero coagulation, the hydro swirl nozzle parameters air identified for a dust suppression facility for prevention of blasts and induced accidents in mines. Using the similarity theory and dimensionality analysis, the similarity criteria are obtained for the process of atomization in the conditions of rotational motion of liquid drops. It is shown that the main pulverization efficiency criteria for liquid drop in the hydro swirl nozzle are the Weber number, Laplace criterion and three indicators of inertia and viscosity of liquid, and kinematic similarity. The calculations and tests reveal the possibility of enhancing atomization efficiency by 15%, reducing the average diameter of liquid drops by 2.5 times, and reducing the liquid flow rate by 10%.
Hydro swirl orthokinetic inertia hetero coagulation, hydro swirl nozzle, circulation flow, Weber number, Laplace criterion, bound vortex, similarity indicators, atomization efficiency
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010112
REFERENCES
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16. Alabuzhev, P.M., Geronimus, V.B., Minkevich, L.M., and Shekhovtsev, B.A., Teoriya podobiya i razmernostei. Modelirovanie (Theory of Similarity and Dimensionalities. Modeling), Moscow: Vyssh. Shk. 1968.
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BLIND ROADWAY VENTILATION IMPROVEMENT BY MEANS OF INCREASING INITIAL AIR FLOW VELOCITY
B. P. Kazakov, A. V. Shalimov, O. S. Parshakov, and A. V. Bogomyagkov
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614007 Russia
e-mail: shalimovav@mail.ru
The test data on confined air throw ranges in dead ends are reviewed. It is found that the research findings differ greatly and disable the single-value determination of the allowable lag between the air duct and heading face at the acceptable accuracy. It is supposed that the discrepancy of the testing data is ensues from the empirical concept of independency of the confined dead-end air throw range from the initial air flow velocity, which is strictly unproved. The supposition is backed with the numerical modeling data on blind roadway ventilation with visualization of air flow shortage at air velocities not less than 0.25 m/s. At the increased capacity of air fan and with the enhanced initial air flow velocity from 5 to 80 m/s, the air throw grows to 56 m. The authors come to a conclusion that the efficient and resource-saving approach to blind roadway ventilation is the increased air supply in air ducts, which makes it possible to extend the distance between the air duct and the face toward safe blasting.
Blind face, air jet, turbulence, diffusion, circulation, air throw, ventilation duct, Coanda effect, air jet confinement
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010124
REFERENCES
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2. Federal’nye normy i pravila v oblasti promyshlennoy bezopasnosti “Pravila bezopasnosti v ugol’nykh shakhtakh” (Federal Standards and Regulations in the Field of Industrial Safety: Safety Rules in Coal Mine), approved by Rostekhnadzor, Order no. 507 dated December 08, 2020, effective as of January 1, 2021.
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22. Kazakov, B.P., Shalimov, А.V., and Levin, L.Yu., Ventilation of Large-Section Workings with the Help of Fan Installations Operating without a Jumper, Izv. TulGU. Nauki o Zemle, 2010, no. 2, pp. 89–97.
MINERAL DRESSING
EFFECT OF PHYSISORPTION OF COLLECTING AGENT ON FLOTATION OF PYRITE IN THE PRESENCE OF FE2+ AND FE3+ IONS
S. A. Kondrat’ev and I. A. Konovalov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: kondr@misd.ru
Flotation of pyrite is examined as function of pH and ferrous ion concentration. To explain depression of pyrite flotation in the neutral pH range and at high concentration of ferrous ions, the mechanism of physisorption of a collecting agent is used. It is experimentally determined that interaction products of xanthate and ferrous ions possess different velocities of spreading over the gas–water interface depending on their concentrations and on the solution pH. Furthermore, they have different influence on the velocity of liquid removal from the interlayer between mineral particle and gas bubble. The mechanism of physisorption of a collecting agent discloses the causes of suppressed flotation of pyrite in the neutral pH zone and increased pyrite flotation in the alkaline medium.
Pyrite flotation, physisorbed collector, flotation suppression, medium pH
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010136
REFERENCES
1. Nakhaei, F., Irannajad, M., Mohammadnejad, S., and Omran, A.H., Sulfur Content Reduction of Iron Concentrate by Reverse Flotation, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019. DOI: 10.1080/15567036.2019.1679917.
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3. Jiang, C.L., Wang, X.H., Parekh, B.K., and Leonard, J.W., The Surface and Solution Chemistry of Pyrite Flotation with Xanthate in the Presence of Iron Ions, Colloids Surf., A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 1998, vol. 136, pp. 51–62.
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9. Wang, X.H., Forssberg, K.S.E., and Bolin, N.J., The Aqueous and Surface Chemistry of Activation in the Flotation of Sulphide Minerals—A Review. Part II: A Surface Precipitation Model, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev., 1989, vol. 4, pp. 167–199.
10. Nakhaei, F. and Irannajad, M., Reagents Types in Flotation of Iron Oxide Minerals: A Review, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev., 2018, vol. 39, iss. 2, pp. 89–124.
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25. Vigdergauz, V.Е., Prospects for Reducing Losses of Fine-Grained Molybdenum in Flotation, in: Progressive Methods of Beneficiation and Technologies for Deep Processing of Non-Ferrous, Rare and Platinum Metal Ores (Plaksin’s Lectures—2006), Krasnoyarsk, 2006.
CONTROL OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF FEED FOR CONCENTRATION FACTORIES
S. V. Tereshchenko and D. N. Shibaeva
Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
e-mail: svtereshchenko@mail.ru
The authors propose the technological algorithm to obtain the required quality characteristics of beneficiation feed based on the estimate of useful mineral distribution and amount of gangue in a preset volume. The target useful component content is implemented by combining separation and blending of crushed ore less than 100 mm in size. It is shown that this approach to the feed quality ensures the standard content of Р2О5 in the feed at the level of 12.1–12.3% with dumping not less than 29% of gangue – 100 + 20 mm in size with the content of Р2О5 under 1.9%. It is proved that the proposed technology for the control of quality characteristics of low-grade apatite-bearing ore has a beneficial effect on the environment in mining and processing areas.
Ore quality control, efficient flow chart construction, blending, pre-concentration, X-ray fluorescent separation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010148
REFERENCES
1. Ryl’nikov, А.G. and Novikov, А.N., Automated System for Ore Quality Control in Mining Minerals, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2015, no. 12, pp. 72–75.
2. Zarubin, М., Statsenko, L., Zarubina, V., and Fionin, E., Developing Information Systems of Operation Schedules to Stabilize the Grade of a Mineral, Min. Miner. Deposits, 2017, vol. 11, pp. 59–70.
3. Galiev, D.А., Improving the Efficiency of In-Pit Ore Quality Control Using New Information Technologies, Doc. Phil. Sci. Thesis, Almaty, 2018.
4. Saponov, А.I., Smirnov, А.P., and Antonov, V.V., Optimization of Iron Ore Deposit Development, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2010, no. 1, pp. 61–63.
5. Bayuk, О.V. and Shtykova, I.V., Methods to Form Transport Flowcharts for Ore Flows in Open Pit Mine, Proc. 19th Int. Sci. Pract. Conf. on Innovations in Science, Novosibirsk: SibАК, 2013.
6. Adilkhanova, Zh.А. and Farakhov, К.А., Information Support of Automated System for Operational Control of Ore Preparation in Open Pit Mines, Proc. All-Russian Conf. on IT in Mining, Yekaterinburg: IGD UrO RAN, 2012.
7. Zobnin, B.B., Surin, А.А., and Golovyrin, S.S., Automated Control Systems for Blending Complexes, Conflict Situations and Resolution Methods (Experience in Building an Automated System for Concentrate Blending Section at Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works), Proc. All-Russian Conf. on IT in Mining, Yekaterinburg: IGD UrO RAN, 2012.
8. Fedorov, F.М., Matveev, А.I., Larionov, V.R., and Gorokhova, L.N., Justification of Selection of Procedure for Separate Mining of Different-Quality Areas of Small Ore Deposits, GIAB, 2011, no. 12, pp. 48–55.
9. Lukichev, S.V. and Nagovitsyn, О.V., Computer Technology for Engineering Support in Mining Solid Mineral Deposits, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2010, no. 9, pp. 11–15.
10. Lomonosov, G.G., Gornaya kvalimetriya (Mining Qualimetry), Moscow: MGG, 2000.
11. Shestakov, V.А., Yakovlev, М.А., and Dronov, N.V., Otsenka ushcherba ot poter’ i razubozhivaniya rudy i ustanovlenie ikh dopustimogo urovnya (Estimation of Damage from Losses and Ore Dilution and Determining their Permissible Level), Frunze: Ilim, 1970.
12. Shestakov, V.А., Nauchnye osnovy vybora i ekonomicheskoi otsenki sistem razrabotki rudnykh mestorozhdenii (Scientific Basis for the Selection and Economic Evaluation of Mining Systems for Ore Deposits), Moscow: Nedra, 1976.
13. Agoshkov, М.I., Nikanorov, V.I., Panfilov, Е.I., Ryzhov, V.P., Sindarovskaya, N.N., Shitarev, V.G., Tekhniko-ekonomicheskaya otsenka izvlecheniya poleznykh iskopayemykh iz nedr (Feasibility Study of Mining Minerals), Moscow: Nedra, 1974.
14. Ermolin, Yu.N., Rezul’taty i napravlenie issledovanii tekhnologii selektivnoi dobychi i razdel’noi pererabotki rud. Selektivnaya razrabotka polimetallicheskikh mestorozhdeniy otkrytym sposobom (Results and Direction of Research into Selective Mining and Separate Ore Processing Technology. Selective Open-Pit Mining of Polymetallic Deposits), Moscow, 1971.
15. Bogolyubov, B.P. and Grachev, F.G., Razdel’naya razrabotka mestorozhdenii slozhnogo sostava (Separate Mining of Complex Deposits), Moscow: Nedra, 1964.
16. Litovchenko, Т.V., Feasibility Study of Optimum Ore Flows and Underground Mining Technology for Multicomponent and Mixed-Grade Ores, Cand. Tech. Sci. Thesis, Novocherkassk, 1999.
17. Shestakov, V.А., Ratsional’noe ispol’zovanie nedr (Rational Use of Subsoil), Moscow: Nedra, 1990.
18. Pavlishina, D.N., Ore Quality Control Using Radiometric Methods for Monitoring the Content of Useful Components (Exemplified by Oleniy Ruchey Deposit), Cand. Tech. Sci. Thesis, Apatity, 2016.
19. Tereshchenko, S.V., Shibaeva, D.N., and Alekseeva, S.A., X-ray Luminescence Separation of Khibiny Low-Grade Apatite Ore, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 124–133.
20. Strizhenok, А.V., Control of Environmental Safety of Alluvial Man-Made Massifs of Apatit in the Process of their Formation, Cand. Tech. Sci. Thesis, Saint Petersburg, 2015.
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN REAGENT REGIMES IN COPPER SULPHIDE ORE FLOTATION
V. A. Ignatkina, D. D. Aksenova, A. A. Kayumov, and N. D. Ergesheva
National University of Science and Technology—NUST MISIS, Moscow, 119049 Russia
e-mail: woda@mail.ru
The article describes the non-frothing flotation data of monomineral fractions of tennantite, chalcopyrite and pyrite, measurements of electrokinetic potential of the phases, and the concentration control of butyl xanthate, sulfhydryl collector M-TF and hydrogen peroxide. The measurements of the electrokinetic potential and intensity of the characteristic UV bands reveal the influence of H2O2 concentration on the ion-molecular condition of the solutions of sulfhydryl collectors. It is found that butyl xanthate in the presence of hydrogen oxide fails to prove selective separation of tennantite and chalcopyrite from pyrite. M-TF ensures the contrast flotoactivity between copper and pyrite sulfides in softer treatment with H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide is recommended for scavenging of copper concentrate. Efficiency of H2O2 in recleaning of copper concentrate at a commercial scale is lower because of variable mineral composition of flotation feed.
Flotation, chalcopyrite, tennantite, pyrite, contrast flotoactivity, hydrogen peroxide, sulfhydryl collectors
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912201015X
REFERENCES
1. Suyantara, W.S.P.G., Hirajima, T., Miki, H., Sasaki, K., Kuroiwa, S., and Aoki, Yu., Effect of H2O2 and Potassium Amyl Xanthate on Separation of Enargite and Tennantite from Chalcopyrite and Bornite Using Flotation, Miner. Eng., 2020, vol. 152, p. 106371.
2. Asbjornsson, J., Kelsall, G.H., Pattrick, R.A.D., Vaughan, D.J., Wincott, P.L., and Hope, G.A., Electrochemical and Surface Analytical Studies of Enargite in Acid Solution, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2004, vol. 151, no. 7, pp. 250–256.
3. Fornasiero, D., Fullston, D., Li, C., and Ralston, J., Separation of Enargite and Tennantite from Non-Arsenic Copper Sulfide Minerals by Selective Oxidation or Dissolution, Int. J. Miner. Proc., 2001, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 109–119.
4. Guo, H. and Yen, W.T., Selective Flotation of Enargite from Chalcopyrite by Electrochemical Control, Miner. Eng., 2005, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 605–612.
5. Bocharov, V.А., Ignatkina, V.А., and Kayumov, А.А., Teoriya i praktika razdeleniya mineralov massivnykh upornykh polimetallicheskikh rud tsvetnykh metallov (Theory and Practice of Separating Minerals of Massive Rebellious Polymetallic Ores of Nonferrous Metals), Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2019.
6. RF State Standard GOST R 52998-2008, Moscow: Standartinform, 2008.
7. Padilla, R., Rodriguez, G., and Ruiz, M.C., Copper and Arsenic Dissolution from Chalcopyrite–Enargite Concentrate by Sulfidation and Pressure Leaching in H2SO4–O2, Hydrometallurgy, 2010, vol. 100, nos. 3–4, pp. 152–156.
8. Curreli, L., Ghiani, M., and Orru, G., Beneficiation of a Gold Bearing Enargite Ore by Flotation and As Leaching with Na-Hypochlorite, Miner. Eng., 2005, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 849–854.
9. Dreisinger, D., Copper Leaching from Primary Sulfides: Options for Biological and Chemical Extraction of Copper, Hydrometallurgy, 2006, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 10–20.
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11. Awe, S.A. and Sandstrom, A., Selective Leaching of Arsenic and Antimony from a Tetrahedrite Rich Complex Sulphide Concentrate Using Alkaline Sulphide Solution, Miner. Eng., 2010, vol. 23, no. 23, pp. 1227–1236.
12. Li, T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, B., Jiao, F., and Qin, W., Flotation Separation of Enargite from Complex Copper Concentrates by Selective Surface Oxidation, Physicochem. Problems Miner. Proc., 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 852–864.
13. Guo, H. and Yen, W.T., Selective Flotation of Enargite from Chalcopyrite by Electrochemical Control, Miner. Eng., 2005, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 605–612.
14. Petrus, H.T.B.M., Hirajima, T., Sasaki, K., and Okamoto, H., Effects of Sodium Thiosulphate on Chalcopyrite and Tennantite: An Insight for Alternative Separation Technique, Int. J. Miner. Proc., 2012, vols. 102–103, pp. 116–123.
15. Suyantara, G.P.W., Hirajima, T., Miki, H., Sasaki, K., Yamane, M., Takida, E., Kuroiwa, S., and Imaizumi, Y., Selective Flotation of Chalcopyrite and Molybdenite Using H2O2 Oxidation Method with the Addition of Ferrous Sulfate, Int. J. Miner. Proc., 2018, vol. 122, pp. 312–326.
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17. Sasaki, K., Takatsugi, K., Ishikura, K., and Hirajima, T., Spectroscopic Study on Oxidative Dissolution of Chalcopyrite, Enargite and Tennantite at Different pH Values, Hydrometallurgy, 2010, vol. 100, nos. 3–4, pp. 144–151.
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23. Lopes, V.A., Lopes, S.A.A., and Song, S., On the Catholic Reaction Coupled with the Oxidation of Xanthates at the Pyrite/Aqueous Solution Interface, Int. J. Miner. Proc., 2005, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 154–164.
24. Smith, L.K. and Bruckard, W.J., The Separation of Arsenic from Copper in a Northparkes Copper–Gold Ore Using Controlled-Potential Flotation, Int. J. Miner. Proc., 2007, vol. 84, nos. 1–4, pp. 15–24.
25. Abramov, А.А., Flotatsionnye metody obogashcheniya (Methods of Flotation Concentration), Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2016.
26. Ignatkina, V.А., Makavetskas, А.R., Kayumov, А.А., and Aksenova, D.D., Analysis of the Reasons for Deterioration of Flotation Process Parameters of Copper-Bearing Sulphide Ore during Chamber Mining of Copper-Sulрhide Deposits, GIAB, 2021, no. 9, pp. 14–26.
27. Ignatkina, V.А., Bocharov, V.А., Aksenova, D.D., and Kayumov, А.А., Electrokinetic Potential of the Surface of Ultrafine Sulfides and Flotation Activity of Minerals, Izv. vuzov. Tsvet. metallurgiya, 2017, no. 1, pp. 4–12.
28. Yagudina, Yu.R., Development and Justification of Parameters of Combined Technology for Processing Tennantite-Bearing Ores of Urals Copper-Sulphide Deposits: Cand. Tech. Sci. Thesis, Magnitogorsk, 2015.
IMPROVEMENT OF PROCESSING OF GOLD-BEARING SULFIDE MINERALS BY TREATMENT BY MAGNETIC COLLOIDS
I. I. Baksheeva, E. A. Burdakova, V. I. Rostovtsev, A. A. Plotnikova, A. M. Zhizhaev, and G. N. Bondarenko
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
e-mail: irina_igorevna@mail.ru
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center,
Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
The experimental data on modification of magnetic properties of gold-bearing sulfide ore using magnetic colloids are reported. The magnetic product of the high-gradient separator has the increased gold content by 2.52% at the higher recovery by 1.67%.
Minerals, pre-treatment, modification, magnetic properties, gold-bearing sulfide ore, ferromagnetic liquid, functionalization, magnetic-colloid treatment, magnetic separation, nanoparticles
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010161
REFERENCES
1. Umarova, I.K., Matkarimov, S.Т., and Makhmarezhabov, D.B., Study of Material Composition and Gravity Concentration of Gold-Bearing Ores from the Amantaytau Deposit. Present-Day Technologies: Topical Issues, Achievements and Innovations, Proc. of 32nd Int. Sci. Pract. Conf., 2019.
2. Komogortsev, B.V. and Varenichev, А.А., Problems of Processing Low-Grade and Rebellious Gold-Bearing Ores, GIAB, 2016, no. 2, pp. 204–218.
3. Medyanik, N.L. and Leont’eva, Е.V., Thermochemical Processing of Stale Flotation Tailings. Modern Problems of Complex Processing of Rebellious Ores and Manmade Materials (Plaksin’ s Lectures—2017), Proc. of Int. Sci. Conf., 2017.
4. Samsonov, N.Yu., Economic Evaluation of the Efficiency of Processing Dump Facilities of Gold Deposits, Ekonomika regiona, 2010, no. 2, pp. 139–146.
5. Wang, H., Bochkarev, G.R., Rostovtsev, V.I., Veigelt, Yu.P., and Lu, S., Intensification of Polymetallic Sulfide Ore Dressing by High-Energy Electrons, J. Min. Sci., 2002, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 499–505.
6. Rostovtsev, V.I., Technological and Economic Effect of Nonmechanical Energy Use in Rebellious Mineral Processing, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 647–654.
7. Chanturia, V.А., Filippova, I.V., Filippov, L.О., and Ryazantseva, М.V., Influence of High-Power Nanosecond Electromagnetic Pulses (HPEP) on the State of Pyrite and Arsenopyrite Surface, GIAB, 2009, no. S15, pp. 26–34.
8. Bunin, I.Zh., High-Power Nanosecond Electromagnetic Pulses and Their Use in Disintegration of Mineral Complexes, GIAB, 2008, no. 2, pp. 376–391.
9. Chanturia, V.А., Bunin, I.Zh., Ivanova, Т.А., and Nedosekina, Т.V., Investigation of the Influence of Pulsed Power Impacts on Physicochemical Properties of the Surface of Sulfide Minerals and Beneficiation Products, GIAB, 2005, no. 8, pp. 313–319.
10. Gurin, К.К., Bashlykova, Т.V., Anan’ev, P.P., Boboev, I.R., and Gorbunov, Е.P., Gold Recovery from Tailings of Mixed Rebellious Ores, Tsvet. Metally, 2013, no. 5, pp. 39–43.
11. Koshel’, Е.А., Krylova, G.S., Sedel’nikova, G.V., Anan’ev, P.P., and Solov’ev, V.I., Improving the Grinding Efficiency of Gold-Bearing Minerals Based on Energy Impact Methods, GIAB, 2004, no. 11, pp. 229–231.
12. Kolesnik, V.G., Urusova, Е.V., Pavliy, К.V., Kozlov, V.V., Pankrat’ev, P.V., and Smirnova, S.К., Influence of UHF Treatment on Gold Recovery from Minerals, Tsvet. Metally, 2000, no. 8, pp. 72–75.
13. Ratnikova, N.S. and Pankrat’ev, P.V., Improving the Efficiency of Gold and Silver Recovery from Pyrite Concentrates Using UHF Technologies, Vestn. MGTU im. G.I. Nosova, 2019, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 4–9.
14. Zhu, F., Zhang, L., Li, H., Yin, Sh., Koppala, S., Yang, K., and Li, Sh., Gold Extraction from Cyanidation Tailing Using Microwave Chlorination Roasting Method, Metals—Open Access Metall. J., 2018, vol. 8, iss. 12.
15. Mirzekhanov, G.S., Conditions of Formation, Principles of Predicting and Estimating the Resources of Manmade Formations of Recovered Gold Placers (on the Example of the South of the Far East), Doct. Geol. Min. Sci. Thesis, Blagoveshchensk, 2005.
16. Shevkun, E.B., Kuz’menko, A.P., Leonenko, N.A., Yatlukova, N.G., and Kuz’menko, N.A., RF patent no. 2003135458, Byull. Izobret., 2005, no. 13.
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KINETICS OF EXPERIMENTAL ADSORPTION OF NICKEL METAL BY ACTIVATED CARBON
D. Elbar, H. Rahaly, and A. Guiedeui
Center for Scientific and Technical Research for Arid Regions Omar El-Bernaoui Biskra (CRSTRA), Biskra, 07000 Algeria
e-mail: elbarjenette@gmail.com
University of Biskra, Biskra, 07000 Algeria
The objective of this study is the recuperation of metal nickel by adsorption with activated carbon prepared from natural waste (the peel of the apricot kernel), where adsorption is controlled by a chemical phenomenon driven by a series of factors. The adsorption efficiency was evaluated after carbonization of the raw material at 600 °C and after its activation with citric acid at 500 °C. The characterization of the material after physicochemical treatment has shown the possibility of its improvement. The IR spectroscopy technique has shown the material becomes very rich in carbon and oxygen, and is well functionalized. The activated carbon can adsorb nickel efficiently, and then inverted conditions ensure efficient elution. Kinetic adsorption is dependent on the activated carbon, while equilibrium loading is not but is dependent on plant conditions. The kinetic study of the optimal adsorption of nickel ions follows the models of Langmuir and Freundlich, and exhibits a high affinity between the metal nickel examined and the carbon active, which enables the highest adsorption.
Nickel sulfide, activated carbon, citric acid, kinetic adsorption, Langmuir model, Freundlich model
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010173
REFERENCES
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MINING ECOLOGY AND SUBSOIL MANAGEMENT
CHOOSING THE MOST PROPER PLANT TYPES IN RECLAMATION OF AN OPEN-PIT MINE
I. Alavi, A. Ebrahimabadi, and H. Hamidian
Department of Mining and Geology, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
Department of Petroleum, Mining and Material Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
e-mail: A.Ebrahimabadi@iauctb.ac.ir
Mine reclamation has to be considered from the very beginning stages of mining. In the reclamation plan of the Sungun copper mine in Iran, tree planting is the most appropriate option. In this regard, the main parameters as well as criteria should be taken into account. Since plant type choosing is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, two outstanding MCDM methods—PROMETHEE and ELECTRE—are considered through the analyses as well as verification of the results. Decision matrix was first provided based on questionnaires filled by experts and the next stages, rankings were then carried out using aforementioned approaches. The findings demonstrated that the most suitable plant type with the highest score of 5 in ELECTRE and 4.34 in PROMETHEE method is Acer monspesulanum tree.
Mine reclamation, plant types, Sungun copper mine, Acer monspesulanum PROMETHEE, ELECTRE
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010185
REFERENCES
1. Favas, P.J., Martino, L.E., and Prasad, M.N., Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation—Challenges and Opportunities (Holistic Approach), In Bio-Geotechnologies for Mine Site Reclamation, 2018, pp. 3–31.
2. Ebrahimabadi, A., Pouresmaieli, M., Afradi, A., Pouresmaeili, E., and Nouri, S., Comparing two Methods of PROMETHEE and Fuzzy TOPSIS in Selecting the Best Plant Species for the Reclamation of Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine, Asian J. Water, Environment Pollut., 2018, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 141–152.
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7. Osanloo, M., Mine Reclamation, Amirkabir University of Technology Publication, Iran, 2018.
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9. Jordan, F.L., Robin?Abbott, M., Maier, R.M., and Glenn, E.P., A Comparison of Chelator?Facilitated Metal Uptake by a Halophyte and a Glycophyte, Int. J. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2002, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 2698–2704.
10. Sheoran, A.S., Sheoran, V., and Poonia, P., Reclamation of Mine Degraded Land by Metallophytes, J. Min. Eng., 2008, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 11–16.
11. Ghose, M.K., Soil Conservation for Reclamation and Revegetation of Mine-Degraded Land, TERI Informat. Digest on Energy and Environment, 2005, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 137–150.
12. Moreno-de Las Heras, M., Nicolau, J.M., and Espigares, T., Vegetation Succession in Reclaimed Coal-Mining Slopes in a Mediterranean-Dry Environment, Ecological Eng., 2008, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 168–178.
13. Maiti, S.K., Karmakar, N.C., and Sinha, I.N., Studies into Some Physical Parameters Aiding Biological Reclamation of Mine Spoil Dump—a Case Study from Jharia Coal Field, IME J., 2002, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 20–23.
14. Daniels, W.L. and Zipper, C.E., Creation and Management of Productive Mine Soils, Powell River Project Reclamation Guide Lines for Surface-Mined Land in Southwest Virginia, 1999.
15. Singh, A.N. and Singh, J.S., Experiments on Ecological Restoration of Coal Mine Spoil Using Native Trees in a Dry Tropical Environment, India: A Synthesis, New Forests, 2006, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 25–39.
16. Sheoran, V., Sheoran, A.S., and Poonia, P., Soil Reclamation of Abandoned Mine Land by Revegetation: A Review, Int. J. Soil, Sediment Water, 2010, vol. 3, no. 2, article 13.
17. Brodie, J., Considerations in Mine Reclamation Costing, Brodie Consulting Ltd., West Vancouver, 2013.
18. Akbari, A.D., Osanloo, M., and Hamidian, H., Selecting Post Mining Land Use through Analytical Hierarchy Processing Method: Case Study in Sungun Copper Open Pit Mine of Iran, Proc. of 15th Int. Symp. Mine Planning and Equipment Selection (MPES), Torino, Italy, 2006.
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20. Alavi, I. and Alinejad-Rokny, H., Comparison of Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Methods for Plant Types Selection (Case Study: Reclamation Plan of Sungun Copper Mine, Iran), Australian J. Basic Appl. Sci., 2011, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 1104–1113.
21. Alavi, I., Akbari, D.A., Ataei, M., and Kiadaliri, H., A Comparison Fuzzy TOPSIS Method and Fuzzy AHP Method for Native Plant Type Selection and Implant (Case Study: Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine), Renewable Natural Resources Res., 2011, vol. 2, no. 3.
22. Nehring, M. and Cheng, X., An Investigation into the Impact of Mine Closure and Its Associated Cost on Life of Mine Planning and Resource Recovery, J. Cleaner Production, 2016, vol. 127, pp. 228–239.
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27. Mendez, M.O. and Maier, R.M., Phytostabilization of Mine Tailings in Arid and Semiarid Environments— An Emerging Remediation Technology, Environmental Health Perspectives, 2008, vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 278–283.
28. Taherkhani, M., Application of TOPSIS Technique in the Spatial Priority of the Establishment of the Agricultural Transformation Industry in Rural Areas, Iranian J. Economic Res., 2007, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 59–73.
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34. Omidi, M., Razavi, H., and Mahpeykar, M.R., Selection of Project Team Members Based on PROMETHEE Method of Effectiveness Criteria, J. Industrial Management Perspective, 2011, no. 1, pp. 113–134.
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36. Sadeghiravesh, M.H., Zehtabian, Gh.R., and Khosravi, H., Application of AHP and ELECTRE Method for Evaluation of Desertification Alternatives, Desert.ut.ac.ir., 2014, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 141–153.
GEOINFORMATION SCIENCE
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS ESTIMATION AND SIMULATION METHODS FOR OREBODY GRADE VARIATIONS MODELING
S. J. Mousavi, M. Shayestehfar, and P. Moarefvand
Department of Mining Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
e-mail: shayeste@uk.ac.ir
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology,
Tehran, Iran
Estimation of iron ore grade distribution has been done using geostatistics and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for an iron ore body in Central Iran. The methods implemented include Ordinary Kriging (OK), Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) and ANN. A comparison of the estimates from these techniques was done to investigate which method gives more accurate estimates.
Geostatistics, Ordinary Kriging, Sequential Gaussian Simulation, Artificial Neural Network, Lake Siah, Iran
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122010197
REFERENCES
1. Rezaei, A., Hassani, H., Moarefvand, P., and Golmohammadi, A., Investigation the Effect of Structural Pattern on Mineralization Model in the C-North Ore Deposit, Sangan, NE Iran, J. Min. Res. Eng. (JMRE), 2019, vol. 4(2), pp. 1–5.
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