JMS, Vol. 58, No. 2, 2022
GEOMECHANICS
PHENOMENON OF REDUCTION IN FRICTION AT THE TOE OF GRAVITY LANDSLIDE UNDER SEISMIC VIBRATION EFFECT
G. G. Kocharyan, Z. Z. Sharafiev, S. B. Kishkina, and Chengzhi Qi
Academician Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, 119334 Russia
e-mail: geospheres@idg.chph.ras.ru
Beijin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijin, 100044 China
The article describes the lab-scale testing of dynamic instability in a block placed on a rough slope surface and subjected to small-amplitude vibrations. It is shown that the macroscopic sliding evolution is well-presented using equations of creep with the properly selected constants. According to the testing data, the necessary condition of the dynamic failure is the critical displacement along the slope and the certain creep rate. The critical displacement appears to exceed greatly the typical value when the sliding surface transits to the residual shear resistance. It is found that the landslide body instability develops at the late stage due to the phenomenon of reduction in friction at increasing sliding velocity.
Slope-related phenomena, landslides, strain accumulation, creep, seismic vibration, earthquakes, blasts
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020016
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COMPLEX LOADING OF GRANULAR MATERIALS WITH CONTINUOUS ROTATION OF STRAIN AXES
A. F. Revuzhenko and V. P. Kosykh
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: revuzhenko@yandex.ru
e-mail: v-kosykh@yandex.ru
The granular and other similar-type materials without cohesion are tested on various mode shearing machines. The complex loading machine with continuous rotation of principal strain axes is described. Loading represents a superposition of the planar and parallel Couette flows (simple shears) between parallel plates rotated at a certain angular rate. The stress and dilatancy data of quartz sand in deformation on the designed equipment are reported. It is found that stresses and dilatancy in cyclic deformation tend to stationary values. The stationary values of dilatancy increase with increasing shearing strain. The stationary deformation stresses change periodically, their average values weakly depend on the cyclic strains and their amplitude increases.
Shearing strain, complex loading, dilatancy, stresses, inelastic media, cyclic deformation, uniform flow
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020028
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SEISMIC RESPONSE OF UNDRAINED TWIN TUNNELS
K. Ouadfel, S. Messast, and K. Boulfoul
LMGHU Laboratory, 20 August 1955 University of Skikda,
Skikda, 21000 Algeria
e-mail: k.ouadfel@univ-skikda.dz
e-mail: s.messast@univ-skikda.dz
University of Batna 2 (Mostefa Ben Boulaid), Batna, 05000 Algeria
e-mail: kh.boulfoul@univ-batna2.dz
The article presents a real case of twin tunnels T4 of the East-West Highway (Algeria) for studying purpose of the effects therein on the soil-structure interaction and the excess pore water pressure on the same by use of a numerical analysis PLAXIS 3D. The results obtained from the Mohr–Coulomb model have been compared with those of Hardening Soil Model for drained and undrained condition. More to the point, it indicates that the soil under undrained condition can produce a significant modification in the normalized internal forces and the moment of lining for the stiff tunnels compared to flexible tunnels.
Soil–structure interaction, dynamic, numerical modeling, twin tunnels, clay soil, drained and undrained condition
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912202003X
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ROCK FAILURE
STABLE CREATED FRACTURE GROWTH BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL BOREHOLES
A. V. Patutin, A. V. Azarov, L. A. Rybalkin, A. N. Drobchik, and S. V. Serdyukov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: patutin@misd.ru
The authors describe numerical modeling of a growing fracture created between two parallel boreholes in an isotropic medium in the nonuniform stress field. The fracture paths are modeled at various deviations of the initial fracture from the axes of boreholes, spacing of the boreholes and the compressive stress field between them. Physical simulation of hydraulic fracturing is implemented using large-size samples.
Hydraulic fracturing, stress field, fracture, parallel boreholes, mathematical modeling, physical experiment
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020041
REFERENCES
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22. Serdyukov, S.V., Rybalkin, L.А., Drobchik, А.N., Patutin, А.V., and Shilova, Т.V., Laboratory Installation Simulating a Hydraulic Fracturing of Fractured Rock Mass, J. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 1053–1060.
23. Patutin, А.V., Rybalkin, L.А., and Drobchik, А.N., Development of a Device for Hydraulic Fracturing of Large-Size Samples in Laboratory Conditions, J. Fundament/ Appl. Min. Sci., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 309–314.
MACRO-MESOSCOPIC FRAGMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCK BENEATH DISC CUTTERS SUBJECTED TO THE THERMO-MECHANICAL COUPLING ACTION
Anthony Kojo Amoah, Kang-lei Song, and Hai-qing Yang
State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045 China
e-mail: sklei@cqu.edu.cn
National Breeding Base of Technology and Innovation Platform for Automatic Monitoring of Geologic Hazards,
Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Automatic Monitoring for Geological Hazards, Chongqing, 400042 China
A series of laboratory cutter indentation tests were conducted on mudstone samples to study the influence of thermo-mechanical coupling on rock fragmentation. The experimental results show that many micro cracks and pores are formed in the crushed zone of rock sample due to the frictional heat during cutting process. After that, the relationships between specific energy and mesoscopic surface of mudstone samples were analyzed. The results show that the thermo-mechanical coupling is conductive to rock fragmentation. Therefore, thermo-mechanical coupling action in the tunneling process greatly improves the rock breaking efficiency. This study is conducive to extend cutter life, reduce project cost and construction risk in TBM tunnel project.
Thermo-mechanical coupling, crack propagation, field penetration index, specific energy, disc cutter
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020053
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20. Frough, O., Torabi, S.R., and Tajik, M., Evaluation of TBM Utilization Using Rock Mass Rating System: A Case Study of Karaj-Tehran Water Conveyance Tunnel (Lots 1 and 2), J. Min. Environ., 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 89–98. https://doi.org/10.22044/jme.2012.86.
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22. Zhou, J., Qiu, Y., Zhu, S., Armaghani, D.J., Khandelwal, M., and Mohamad, E.T., Estimation of the TBM Advance Rate under Hard Rock Conditions Using XGBoost and Bayesian Optimization, Undergr. Sp., 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2020.05.008.
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30. Gong, Q.M., Zhao, J., and Jiang, Y.S., In-Situ TBM Penetration Tests and Rock Mass Boreability Analysis in Hard Rock Tunnels, Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 2007, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 303–316. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tust.2006.07.003.
31. Hassanpour, J., Rostami, J., Khamehchiyan, M., and Bruland, A., Developing New Equations for TBM Performance Prediction in Carbonate-Argillaceous Rocks: A Case History of Nowsood Water Conveyance Tunnel, Geomech. Geoengin., 2009, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 287–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 17486020903174303.
32. Hassanpour, J., Rostami, J., Khamehchiyan, M., Bruland, A., and Tavakoli, H.R., TBM Performance Analysis in Pyroclastic Rocks: A Case History of Karaj Water Conveyance Tunnel, Rock. Mech. Rock. Eng., 2010, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 427–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-009-0060-2.
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35. Yang, H., Liu, B., and Karekal, S., Experimental Investigation on Infrared Radiation Features of Fracturing Process in Jointed Rock under Concentrated Load, Int. J. Rock. Mech. Min. Sci., 2021, vol. 139, p. 104619. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104619.
MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
SPECIFICS OF INTERNAL OVERBURDEN DUMPING IN OPEN PIT MINING
V. I. Cheskidov and A. V. Reznik
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: cheskid@misd.ru
The authors discuss the application ranges of internal overburden dumping open pit mining. Specifics of internal overburden dumping on gently and steeply dipping beds is given. Internal overburden dumps are classified. The methods and techniques of scaled-up internal overburden dumping by means of efficient utilization of mined-out pit area are identified. The ecological safety of dumping is addressed.
Deposit, minerals, open pit mining, internal dumping, overburden, mined-out area, ecological safety
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020065
REFERENCES
1. Dergachev, A.L. and Starostin, V.I., Trends of Development in the Mineral Mining Sector at the Turn of Centuries, Vestnik MGU, 2018, Series 4: Geology, no. 1, pp. 4–9.
2. Fortier S. M., Thomas C. L., McCullough E. A. et al. Global Trends in Mineral Commodities for Advanced Technologies, Natural Resources Research, 2018, vol. 27, pp. 191–200.
3. Rosstat. Basic Indexes of the Environmental Protection, Stat. Byull., 2021.
4. Zharikov, V.P., Ermoshkin, V.V., Kleimenov, R.G., Sound Land Utilization during Dumping and Hydraulic Filling in Open Pit Mines in Kuzbass, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2011, no. 1, pp. 34–36.
5. Kurlenya, M.V., Medvedev, M.L., and Koldyrev, Yu.I., Mining Technology for Open Pit Bottom with Internal Dumping on Steeply Dipping Seams, GIAB, 2008, no. 9, pp. 214–228.
6. Dmitrienko, A.I., Prospects of Internal Dumping in Open Pit Mine 1 of the Central Mining-and-Processing Integrated Works, Ekolog. Prirodopol’z., 2003, no. 6.
7. Kurekhin, E.V., Flowsheets of Overburden Dumping in Mined-Out Void of Adjacent Open Pit, Izv. TPU. Inzhiniring Georesursov, 2017, vol. 328, no. 5, pp. 67–82.
8. Gabitov, R.M., Gavrishev, S.E., Bondareva, A.R., Kuznetsova, T.S., and Litvinov, A.M., Influence of Geotechnical Conditions of Steep-Dipping Deposits on Internal Dumping in the Late Phase and Reconstruction of Open Pit Mines, Vestn. MGTU, 2009, no. 1, pp. 1–6.
9. Zaitseva, A.A. and Zaitsev, G.D., Influence of Geological and Technological Factors on the Internal Dump Capacity in Flat Deposits, Journal of Mining Science, 2009, vol. 45, no. 4, Article 380.
10. Cheskidov, V.I., Norri, V.K., and Sakantsev, G.G., Diversification of Open Pit Coal Mining with Draglining, Journal of Mining Science, 2014, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 690–695.
11. Reznik, A.V., Rational Use of Quarry Water When Mining Watered Lignite Deposits in the Kansk–Achinsk Basin, J. Fundament. Appl. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 7, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 36–43. DOI: 10.15372/FPVGN2020070206.
12. Cheskidov, V.I., Gavrilov, V.L., Reznik, A.V., and Bobyl’sky, A.S., The Bakchar Ironstone Deposit: Mining Conditions and Technologies, Journal of Mining Science, 2021, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 795–804.
FACE STABILITY IN HEAVY CLAY: THEORY AND PRACTICE
M. O. Lebedev, M. A. Karasev, N. A. Belyakov, and L. A. Basova
Lenmetrogiprotrans Research, Design and Exploration Institute, Saint-Petersburg, 191002 Russia
e-mail: MLebedev@lmgt.ru
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, 199106 Russia
e-mail: Karasev_MA@pers.spmi.ru
e-mail: Belyakov_NA@pers.spmi.ru
e-mail: s205051@stud.spmi.ru
The authors focus on feasibility of reducing deformation of surrounding rock mass around underground structures by means of advanced reinforcement of tunnel faces in claystone. The reinforcement efficiency is estimated in 3D calculations. The factors to influence deformation in rock mass ahead of a tunnel faces include: rock bolt length, rock bolting system stiffness and the bolt pattern. An additional factor of concern is the mechanical characteristics of claystone. The implemented research shows the highest influence is exerted on deformation in rock mass by the bolt pattern and the rock bolting system stiffness. The efficient design of advanced rock bolting is determined.
Tunnels, rock deformation, advanced face reinforcement, fiberglass rock bolts, numerical modeling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020077
REFERENCES
1. Novozhenin, S.Yu., Stress–Strain Behavior of Rock Mass During Construction of Escalator Tunnel at the Admilarteiskay Station of the Saint-Petersburg Metro, Zap. Gorn. Inst., 2012, vol. 196, pp. 84–88.
2. Gospodarikov, A.P. and Maksimenko, M.V., An Approach to the Stress–Strain Analysis with Regard to Nonlinear Deformation of Rock Mass, Zap. Gorn. Inst., 2013, vol. 205, pp. 60–63.
3. Demenkov, P.A., Goldobina, L.A., and Trushko, O.V., Prediction Method of Ground Surface Deformation in Excavation Reinforcement by the Diaphragm Wall in the Conditions of Urban Development, Zap. Gorn. Inst., 2018, vol. 233, pp. 480–486.
4. Spackova, O., Risk Management of Tunnel Construction Projects, Doctorial Thesis, Czech Technical University in Prague, 2012.
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7. Ocak, I., Control of Surface Settlements with Umbrella Arch Method in Second Stage Excavations of Istanbul Metro, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 2008, vol. 23, pp. 674–681.
8. Wang, Z., Wang, L.Z., Wan, J.C., and Li, L.L., Case study on the Rehabilitation of a Damaged Underwater Tunnel in the Construction Phase, J. of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 2014.
9. Hisatake, M. and Ohno, S., Effects of Pipe Roof Supports and the Excavation Method on the Displacements above a Tunnel Face, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 2008, vol. 23, pp. 120–127.
10. Juneja, A., Hegde, A., Lee, F.H., and Yeo, C.H., Centrifuge Modeling of Tunnel Face Reinforcement Using Forepoling, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 2010, vol. 25, pp. 377–381.
11. Wong, K.S., Ng, C.W.W., Chen, Y.M., and Bian, X.C., Centrifuge and Numerical Investigation of Passive Failure of Tunnel Face in Sand, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 2012, vol. 28, pp. 297–303.
12. Aksoy, C.O. and Onargan, T., The Role of Umbrella Arch and Face Bolt as Deformation Preventing Support System in Preventing Building Damages, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 2010, vol. 25, pp. 553–559.
13. Zhang, Z.Q., Li, H.Y., Liu, H.Y., Li, G.J., and Shi, X.Q., Load Transferring Mechanism of Pipe Umbrella Support in Shallow-Buried Tunnels, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 2014, vol. 43, pp. 213–221.
14. Kamata, H. and Mashimo, H., Centrifuge Model Test of Tunnel Face Reinforcement by Bolting, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 2003, vol. 18, pp. 205–212.
15. Jahangir, E. and Monnet, A., Preliminary 3D Modeling of Structural Behavior of Face Bolting and Umbrella Arch in Tunneling, Technical Report January, 2014. DOI: 10.13140/2.1.4256.4169.
16. Lunardie, P., Design and Construction of Tunnels. Analysis of Controlled Deformation in Rocks and Soils (ADECO-RS), Springer, 2008.
17. Yoo, C. and Shin, H.K., Deformation Behavior of Tunnel Face Reinforced with Longitudinal Pipes—Laboratory and Numerical Investigation, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 2003, vol. 18, pp. 303–319.
18. Li, B., Hong, Y., Gao, B., Qi, T.Y., and Zhou, J.M., Numerical Parametric Study on Stability and Deformation of Tunnel Face Reinforced with Face Bolts, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 2015, vol. 47, pp. 73–80.
19. Ng, C.W. . and Lee, G.T.K., A Three-Dimensional Parametric Study of the Use of Soil Nails for Stabilizing Tunnel Faces, Comput. Geotech., 2002, vol. 29, pp. 673–697.
20. Lebedev, M.O., Karasev, M.A., and Belyakov, N.A., Effect of Tunnel Crown Reinforcement on Geomechanical Behavior of Rock Mass, Izv. Vuzov. Gorn. Zh., 2016, no. 3, pp. 24–32.
21. Calvello, M. and Taylor, R.N., Centrifuge Modeling of a Spile-Reinforced Tunnel Heading, Proc. Geotechnical Aspect Underground Construction Soft Ground, 1999, pp. 313–318.
22. Li, X.Z., Field and Numerical Investigation of Open-Face Tunneling in Soft Rock Reinforced by Face Bolting, Ph. D. Thesis, Chang’an University, China, 2007.
23. Karasev, M.A., Protosenya, A.G., and Petrov, D.N., Investigating Mechanical Properties of Argillaceous Grounds in Order to Improve Safety of Development of Megapolis Underground Space, Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res., 2016, vol. 11, pp. 8849–8956.
24. Bezrodnyi, K.P., Saln, A.I., Maslak, V.A., Markov, V.A., and Lebedev, M.O., Practice of Introduction of No-Subsidence Construction Technologies in the Saint-Petersburg Metro, Zap. Gorn. Inst., 2012, vol. 199, pp. 190–195.
25. Karasev, M.A. and Belyakov, N.A., Prediction of Ground Surface Deformation in Construction of Subway Stations in Hard Clay, Izv. TulGU. Nauki o Zemle, 2016, no. 1, pp. 139–155.
MINE AEROGASDYNAMICS
CALCULATING DISPERSION OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN MINES
M. A. Semin, A. G. Isaevich, N. A. Trushkova, S. A. Bublik, and B. P. Kazakov
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614007 Russia
e-mail: seminma@inbox.ru
e-mail: aero_alex@mail.ru
The reference sources on calculation of toxic gas and dust flows in systems of mine roadways are reviewed. It is shown that the calculation should take into account convection and longitudinal dispersion, while molecular and turbulent diffusion in straight-line roadways can be neglected. However, in case of vortex mixture of air in dead-air spaces at junctions in mines, the turbulent diffusion can be comparable with the longitudinal dispersion. The authors propose a calculation formula for the effective longitudinal dispersion coefficient with regard to the influence of air flow velocities in neighbor roadways. The algorithm of nonstationary flow of air pollutants in mine roadways uses the method of splitting by physical processes.
Mine ventilation, modeling, air pollutants, gas diffusion, longitudinal dispersion coefficient
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020089
REFERENCES
1. Mal’tsev, S.V., Kazakov, B.P., and Semin, M.A., Methods to Enhance Ventilation Efficiency in Mines with Complex Airing Systems, Izv. TGU. Earth Sciences, 2019, no. 4, pp. 283–291.
2. Kobylkin, S.S. and Kobylkin, A.S., 3D Modeling in Engineering Design of Mine Rescue Work Tactics, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2018, no. 5, pp. 82–85.
3. Kobylkin, S.S., Methodological Framework for the System Design of Mine Ventilation, Dr. Eng. Dissertation, Moscow: NUST MISIS, 2018.
4. Krasnoshtein, A.E. and Fainburg, G.Z., Diffuzionno-setevye metody rascheta provetrivaniya shakht I rudnikov (Diffusion Network Calculation of Mine Ventilation), Sverdlovsk: UrO RAN, 1992.
5. Vengerov, I.R., Teplofizika shakht i rudnikov. Matematicheskie modeli. T. 1. Analiz paradigmy (Mine Thermophysics. Mathematical Models. Vol. 1. Paradigm), Donetsk: Nord-press, 2008.
6. Vardy, A.E. and Brown, J.M.B., Transient Turbulent Friction in Smooth Pipe Flows, J. Sound Vibration, 2003, vol. 259, no. 5, pp. 1011–1036.
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9. Garbaruk, A.V., Lapin, Yu.V., and Strelets, M.Kh., Simple Algebraic Model of Turbulent to Calculate a Turbulent Boundary Layer with a Positive Pressure Gradient, Teplofiz. Vysok. Temper., 1999, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 87–91.
10. Arpa, G., Sasaki, K., and Sugai, Y., Narrow Vein Shrinkage Stope Ventilation Measurement Using Tracer Gas and Numerical Simulation, The 12th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symp., Reno, 2008, pp. 261–266.
11. Widiatmojo, A., Sasaki, K., Widodo, N.P., Sugai, Y., Sinaga, J., and Yusuf, H., Numerical Simulation to Evaluate Gas Diffusion of Turbulent Flow in Mine Ventilation System, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2013, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 349–355.
12. Wallace, K., Prosser, B., and Stinnette, J.D., The Practice of Mine Ventilation Engineering, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2015, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 165–169.
13. Kai, W., Aitao, Z., and Shan, L., Computer Simulation of Dynamic Influence of Outburst Gas Flow on Mine Ventilation Network, Disaster Advances, 2013, vol. 19, pp. 31–38.
14. Dziurzynski, W. and Krawczyk, J., Unsteady Flow of Gases in a Mine Ventilation Network—A Numerical Simulation, Archives Min. Sci., 2001, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 119–137.
15. Zhou, A. and Wang, K., A Transient Model for Airflow Stabilization Induced by Gas Accumulations in a Mine Ventilation Network, J. Loss Prevention Process Industries, 2017, vol. 47, pp. 104–109.
16. Hart, J., Guymer, I., Jones, A., and Stovin, V., Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficients within Turbulent and Transitional Pipe Flow, Experimental and Computational Solutions of Hydraulic Problems, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013, pp. 133–145.
17. Zhou, A. and Wang, K., Role of Gas Ventilation Pressure on the Stability of Airway Airflow in Underground Ventilation, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 111–119.
18. Krasnoshtein, A.E., Kazakov, B.P., and Shalimov, A.V., Modeling Nonstationary Gas Admixture Flow in Excavations under Recirculating Airing, Journal of Mining Science, 2006, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 85–90.
19. Zaitsev, A.V., Kazakov, B.P., Kashnikov, A.V., Kormshchikov, D.S., Kruglov, Yu.V., Levin, L.Yu., Mal’kov, P.S., and Shalimov, A.V., State Registration Certificate no. 2015610589. AeroSet: Analytical Computer Software, Byull. Izobret., 2015.
20. Semin, M.A., Isaevich, A.G., and Zhikharev, S.Ya., The Analysis of Potash Salt Dust Deposition in Roadways, Journal of Mining Science, 2021, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 341–353.
21. Shalimov, A.V., Theoretical Framework of Prediction, Prevention and Combating Accidents and After-Effects in Mine Ventilation, Dr. Eng. Dissertation, 2012.
22. Zhou, A., Wang, K., Wu, L., and Xiao, Y., Influence of Gas Ventilation Pressure on the Stability of Airways Airflow, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2018, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 297–301.
23. Voevodin, A.F. and Goncharova, O.N., Method of Decomposition by Physical Processes in Convection Calculations, Matemat. Modelir., 20019, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 90–96.
24. Witek, M.L., Teixeira, J., and Flatau, P.J., On stable and Explicit Numerical Methods for the Advection–Diffusion Equation, Mathem. Comp. Simulation, 2008, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 561–570.
25. Samarskii, A.A. and Gulin, A.V., Stability of Difference Schemes, Moscow: URSS, 2005.
26. Levin, L.Yu. and Semin, M.A., Influence of Shock Losses on Air Distribution in Underground Mine, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 287–296.
MINERAL DRESSING
HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS IN THE DIAMOND–ORGANIC LIQUID–INORGANIC LUMINOPHORE SYSTEM IN MODIFICATION OF SPECTRAL AND KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DIAMONDS
V. V. Morozov, V. A. Chanturia, G. P. Dvoichenkova, and E. L. Chanturia
Academician Melnikov Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources–IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: dvoigp@mail.ru
The authors studied theoretically and experimentally the compositions of luminophores in modification of spectral characteristics of anomalously luminescent diamonds to the effect of their recovery. Attachment of a luminophore-bearing composition at the diamond crystal surface takes place owing to the stable aggregation of the diamond, organic liquid and inorganic luminophores by the mechanism of hydrophobic interaction in polar medium. Stability of such aggregates is ensured by intense adhesion of the components having similar surface energy. For diamond and zinc sulfide, the dependence of the wetting angle, generated by the organic liquid drops in the water medium, on the surface tension of the organic phase exhibits the extreme nature. By the coordinate of the maximum of the wetting angle–organic liquid surface energy curve, the surface energy of diamond and zinc sulfide is determined. It is proved that the organic liquids and oil products, which are used as organic collectors and have surface energies similar to the luminophore surface energy, maximize the force of hydrophobic interaction and stability of the diamond–organic liquid–inorganic luminophore aggregate.
Diamonds, X-ray luminescence separation, luminophores, composition, organic collector, hydrophobic interactions, spectral and kinetic characteristics, modification
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020090
REFERENCES
1. Chanturia, V.A., Dvoichenkova, G.P., Morozov, V.V., Yakovlev, V.N., Koval’chuk, О.Е., and Podkamennyi, Yu.A., Experimental Substantiation of Luminophore-Containing Compositions for Extraction of Nonluminescent Diamonds, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 116–123.
2. Chanturia, V.A., Dvoichenkova, G.P., Morozov, V.V., Koval’chuk, О.Е., Podkamennyi, Yu.A., and Yakovlev, V.N., Selective Attachment of Luminophore-Bearing Emulsion at Diamonds—Mechanism Analysis and Mode Selection, J. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 96–103.
3. Tanford, C., The Hydrophobic Effect, Wiley, New York, 1980.
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6. Griffith, J.H. and Scheraga, H.A., Statistical Thermodynamics of Aqueous Solutions. I. Water Structure, Solutions with Non-Polar Solutes, and Hydrophobic Interactions, J. Molecular Structure: Theochem, 2004, vol. 682, pp. 97–113.
7. Deryabin, V.А. and Farafontova, Е.P., Fizicheskaya khimiya dispersnykh system: ucheb. posobie pod red. E. A. Kuleshova (Physical Chemistry of Disperse Systems: Textbook Edited by E. А. Kuleshov), Moscow: Yurait, 2018.
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COLLECTABILITY OF XANTHATES IN PRECIPITATION OF HEAVY METALS
T. G. Gavrilova and S. A. Kondrat’ev
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: kondr@misd.ru
The authors undertake a critical analysis of zinc flotation activation mechanisms, namely, ion exchange and electrochemical, and propose a new mechanism of activation of sphalerite flotation by heavy metal ions. Flotation can be activated by physisorption of the collector in the unit event of particle–bubble attachment. The causes of floatability of sphalerite activated by lead ions in the alkali range of pH are disclosed. The characteristic of zinc as a metal–activator consists in high solvability of zinc and xanthate compounds. The conditions of improved floatability of sphalerite after its activation by zinc ions are determined.
Flotation, flotation activation, heavy metal ions, physisorbed collector action
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020107
REFERENCES
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STIMULATION OF LEACHING OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS FROM ASH AND SLAG BY ENERGY IMPACTS
V. A. Chanturia, V. G. Minenko, A. L. Samusev, E. V. Koporulina, and G. A. Kozhevnikov
Academician Melnikov Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral
Resources–IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: andrey63vzm@mail.ru
The authors describe the studies into nitrate leaching of rare earth elements (REE) from ash and slag. The morphology, texture and structure of surface of ash and slag micro spheres are examined using the methods of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray phase analysis. The experimental efficient parameters of nitric leaching of REE, which ensure the maximum REE extraction at the level of 50.4% include: the temperature of 130 °С, the nitric acid concentration of 7.2 M, the leaching duration of 180 min and the mineral suspension stirring frequency of 500 min–1. The REE leaching kinetics conforms with the pore-diffusion model of nucleus shrinkage. It is possible to stimulate REE leaching by preliminary treatment of ash and slag by powerful electromagnetic impulses and ultrasound, which ensures intense disintegration of aluminosilicate micro spheres and, as a consequence, provides increased extraction of REE in subsequent leaching by 1.8–18.2%.
Ash and slag, rare earth elements, leaching, efficient parameters, kinetics, energy impacts
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020119
REFERENCES
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ANALYSIS OF OXIDATION OF SULFIDE MINERALS IN COPPER–NICKEL DEPOSITS
S. V. Mal’tsev, I. I. Chaikovskii E. L. Grishin, and A. G. Isaevich
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614007 Russia
e-mail: stasmalcev32@gmail.com
The oxidation-induced alteration of properties of sulfide minerals is analyzed. The air-and-gas content and thermodynamic parameters of mine air are experimentally investigated as a case-study of blind roadways in sulfide deposits at a depth of 300–1500 m. The microclimate conditions of sulfide ore oxidation are determined and used in design of two laboratory testing machines with oxidation in a bubbling chamber. It is found that oxidation of sulfides runs more violently in air saturated with steam than in water saturated with oxygen. The tests included two oxidation scenarios: oxygen sorption in surface layer and sulfur oxidation with leaching of metal. On the surface of sulfide ore samples, heterotrophic and chemolitotrophic bacteria which can absorb oxygen from mine air are detected. The highest number of the bacteria is present on the surface of high-grade ore.
Oxidation, sulfide ore, air and gas control, maximum allowable concentration, microbiological studies, heterotrophic bacteria, chemolitotrophic bacteria, geochemical properties of ore
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020120
REFERENCES
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SEPARATION OF FLUORITE MINERAL FROM ITS ORE BY FLOTATION METHOD AND OPTIMAL USE OF CHEMICAL REAGENTS
M. B. E. Andargoli, S. Moshrefi, and M. Mortazavi
Savadkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh, Iran
e-mail: mb.eslami@iausk.ac.ir
The article presents the case-study of flotation of fluorite ore from Kamarposht mine, Iran. The flotation tests allowed optimization of consumption of chemical reagents. The recommended process conditions enable production of flotation concentrate at fluorite content of 61.4% and fluorite recovery of 85.88%.
Fluorite, flotation, petrography, chemical reagents, Kamarposht mine
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020132
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GEOINFORMATION SCIENCE
A STUDY FOR THE PROTECTION OF GROUNDWATER PRODUCTION ZONES FROM POLLUTING SOURCES USING GIS-INTEGRATED VULNERABILITY TECHNIQUE
C. Simsek, M. Kuruoglu, and Z. Demirkiran
Torbali Technical Vocational School of Higher Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Torbali Campus, Izmir, 35860 Turkey
e-mail: celalettin@deu.edu.tr
e-mail: zulfu.demirkiran@deu.edu.tr
Department of Civil Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Izmir, 35390 Turkey
e-mail: mehmet.kuruoglu@deu.edu.tr
The main objectives of this study are to determine the highly productive aquifer zones using the GIS-integrated vulnerability technique and to assess the protection of these productive zones from the pollution sources such as industrial and residential areas nearby a river system. This study was performed in Kucuk Menderes River Basin (KMRB) located in the western part of Turkey, which has a significant groundwater potential and includes highly productive agricultural land and some of the largest industrial establishments. According to the results, the western part of the study area has notably high aquifer potential used by industrial and residential areas, whereas the eastern part of the study area has lower aquifer potential used by productive agricultural land. However, urbanization and industrial areas are expanding in high groundwater potential zones. It means that regional water resources will be at great risk in terms of quantity and quality. Therefore, this study is aimed in assisting both the determination of protection zones in the main aquifer system and to help planning the future site selection of land use for the river basin.
Groundwater potential, aquifer system, groundwater protection, land use planning, GIS, vulnerability technique
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020144
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MONITORING SYSTEMS IN MINING
DEEP LEARNING AND INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) BASED MONITORING SYSTEM FOR MINERS
T. S. Cetinkaya, S. Senan, and Zeynep Orman
Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, 34000 Turkey
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34320, Turkey
e-mail: ssenan@iuc.edu.tr
In this study, a miner monitoring system is designed using the Deep Learning (DL) approach and the IoT technology together. It is aimed to determine the area where the miners are located while a possible accident occurs by the proposed system. Experiments were carried out to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed system and the performance evaluations were made. The best result was obtained with an accuracy rate of 97.14%. This rate indicates that the designed miner monitoring system can be used effectively in practice.
Internet of Things (IoT), miner monitoring, artificial neural networks, deep learning, LSTM model
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020156
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12. Lin, H., Singh, S., Oh, J., Canbulat, I., Kang, W.H., Hebblewhitea, B., and Staceyc, T.R., A Combined Approach for Estimating Horizontal Principal Stress Magnitudes from Borehole Breakout Data via Artificial Neural Network and Rock Failure Criterion, J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 136, p. 104539.
13. Lin, H., Kang, W.H., Oh, J., and Canbulat, I., Estimation of In-Situ Maximum Horizontal Principal Stress Magnitudes from Borehole Breakout Data Using Machine Learning, J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 126, p. 104199.
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35. Wang, F., Xuan, Z., Zhen, Z., Li, K., Wang, T., and Shi, M., A Day-Ahead PV Power Forecasting Method Based on LSTM-RNN Model and Time Correlation Modification under Partial Daily Pattern Prediction Framework, Energy Convers. Manage., 2020, vol. 212, no. 2, p. 112766.
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NEW METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS IN MINING
A QUASI-DISTRIBUTED FIBER-OPTICAL MONITORING SYSTEM FOR MOVEMENT OF ROOF STRATA IN MINES
A. D. Mekhtiev, E. Zh. Sarsikeev, E. G. Neshina, A. D. Al’kina, and M. Zh. Musagazhinov
Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Nur-Sultan, 010000 Kazakhstan
e-mail: barton.kz@mail.ru
Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda, 100012 Kazakhstan
e-mail: l_neg@mail.ru
Tomsk Polytechnic University. Toms, 634050 Russia
The R&D project on the novel method and facilities for ground control is presented. The relevant literature and advanced design efforts are comprehensively reviewed. A simple design of an optical fiber displacement sensor is proposed. Its cardinal difference from the monitoring systems currently in operation in coal mines is the use of a single mode fiber as a sensitive element. The new hardware and software system improves ground control and enhances safety of mining. The geotechnical condition of roadways is identified by means of comparison of light spot apertures.
Optical fiber, pressure, roof, mine roadway, safety, optical fiber sensors
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122020168
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3. Naruse, H., Uehara, H., Deguchi, T., Fujihashi, K., Onishi, M., Espinoza, R., and Pinto, M., Application of a Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing System to Monitoring Changes in the State of an Underground Mine, Meas. Sci. Technol., 2007, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 3202–3210.
4. Dorokhov, D.V., Nizametdinov, F.K., Ozhigin, S.G., and Ozhigina, S.B., A Technique for Surveying of Ground Surface Deformations in Mine Field, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 874–882.
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