JMS, Vol. 58, No. 3, 2022
GEOMECHANICS
MULTI-SCALE MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF GEOMEDIA
A. F. Revuzhenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: revuzhenko@yandex.ru
The author describes the specifics of the multi-scale mathematical modeling of geomedia as a case-study of a two-scale model. The first scale modeling assumes the linearly elastic medium, and the second scale model includes the plastic strains and internal friction. It is shown that in the first approximation, when the micro-scale stress gradients are assumed to be constant, the model acquires elastoplasticity with regard to local bends of structural elements of the geomedium. The solution of the problem on plane S-waves reveals that the waves possess dispersion and their velocity decreases with increasing plastic strains.
Geomechanics, mathematical models, role of internal structure, S-waves
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030012
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DEM-BASED MODELING OF SHEAR LOCALIZATION AND TRANSITION OF GEOMEDIUM TO UNSTABLE DEFORMATION
D. S. Zhurkina, S. V. Klishin, S. V. Lavrikov, and M. G. Leonov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: daira.zhurk@gmail.com
e-mail: sv.klishin@gmail.com
e-mail: lvk64@mail.ru
Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119017 Russia
e-mail: mgleonov@yandex.ru
The authors develop the DEM-based procedure for the numerical testing of granular samples under non-uniform compression with different load programs. The algorithm of initial packings of particles is proposed. The calculations are performed for different methods of loading with suppressed dilatancy and with dilatancy-generated volume. The macro characteristics of the stress–strain behavior of the test samples are related with the micro properties of discrete particles. The post-critical shearing induces the unstable behavior with localizations of shears, and a descending branch appears in the load diagram. The application ranges of the developed method for the mathematical modeling of shear localization are defined.
Discrete Element Method, packing, shear, numerical modeling, elastic limit, strength, instability, strain localization
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030024
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REMOTE EVALUATION OF HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR PRODUCTIVITY UNDER BIG NOISINESS
I. Ya. Chebotareva
Institute of Oil and Gas Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, 119333 Russia
e-mail: irinache@inbox.ru
The author proposes an eco-friendly method for the remote evaluation of productivity of hydrocarbon reservoirs using records of the natural seismicity background of the Earth. The evaluation uses the thermodynamic indicator of rock mass quality based on the Klimontovich entropy. The latter is a correct measure of disequilibrium of open systems and can be measured from the ratio of chaotic character and orderliness of vibrations generated by the system. The thermodynamic indicator obeys the linear dependence on the total thickness of productive beds in boreholes. The big natural and induced noise may distort the distance evaluation. The new algorithm is high-amplitude noise resistant. The thermodynamic indicator ensures productivity mapping of hydrocarbon reservoirs and enables selecting the most promising drilling sites.
Seismic background, rocks, oil, gas, seismic emission, Klimontovich entropy, thermodynamic indicator
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030036
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GENERALIZED DEFORMATION MODEL OF GEOMEDIUM WITH REGARD TO MICROSTRUCTURE AND PHASE TRANSITIONS
Chengzhi Qi, Fayuan Yan, A. I. Chanyshev, Haoxiang Chen, and Xiaolei Qu
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, and International Cooperation Base for Transportation Infrastructure Construction,
Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044 China
e-mail: qichengzhi65@163.com; qichengzhi@bucea.edu.cn
School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,
China University of Mining & Technology(Beijing), Beijing, 100083 China
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: a.i.chanyshev@gmail.com
In this study, the gauge invariance and phase transition are considered to develop an elasto-plastic model of geomaterials with dissipation. Displacements and plastic distortions are selected as the independent variables. The initial Lagrangian is constructed by the requirement of invariance of the Lagrangian with respect to translational transformation. To take into account the continuous structural phase transition effect of plastic deformation of geomaterials, fourth- and sixth-power terms of the distortion tensor are added to the initial Lagrangian. The differential motion equations of media with dissipation and the corresponding boundary conditions are obtained based on Hamilton’s principle. The generalized Hooke’s laws are obtained on the basis of the kinematic variational principle. One special case, dilatation-compaction deformation case, is discussed, and the obtained equation of motion is applied for modeling the deformation waves and zonal disintegration.
Geomaterials, gauge invariance, continuous phase transition, deformation waves
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030048
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FAILURE MECHANISM AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL–ROCK SAMPLES
Dongming Guo, Wei Zhang, Qiyu Chen, and Zhili Wang
China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, China
Shanghai Pudong New Area Construction (Group) Co., Ltd.
China Construction First Group Construction and Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
e-mail: dmguocumtb@126.com
In order to study the failure mechanism and acoustic emission characteristics of coal–rock combination with different coal-to-rock ratios, carry out uniaxial compression test and acoustic emission test on coal–rock combination with three coal–rock ratios of 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, start with parameters such as failure characteristics, stress-time curve, compressive strength, elastic modulus, acoustic emission events and energy counts, and analyze the failure characteristics, deformation characteristics and acoustic emission characteristics of the combined body. The result shows the following. The destruction of the coal–rock assembly occurs in the coal body, with the increase of the coal-to-rock ratio, the damage degree of the specimen gradually decreases, the broken shape gradually changes from broken and collapsed, and after tensile splitting, it becomes oblique shear failure. There is a phenomenon of "stress jump" and residual stress in coal-rock combination, after the stress reaches the peak, it jumps to the maximum value of residual stress, the larger the coal–rock ratio, the smaller the peak stress, but the residual stress is almost unchanged. The compressive strength and elastic modulus of the composite body decrease with the increase of coal-rock ratio, and the maximum axial strain increases with the increase of coal–rock ratio. Acoustic emission events and energy counts both showed stage changes that matched the stress–time curve. The energy counts and event counts at the same stage decreased as the coal–rock ratio increased.
Coal–rock combination, coal and rock height ratio, acoustic emission, failure characteristics
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912203005X
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MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
HIGH-RATE MINING TECHNOLOGY SIMULATION MODELING
V. I. Klishin, A. N. Starodubov, V. V. Zinov’ev, and A. D. Turgenev
Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kemerovo, 650065 Russia
e-mail: a.n.starodubov@gmail.com
Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, 650000 Russia
Currently, the rate of heading in mines falls short of the capacities of the advanced power-driven machine systems. High-rate mining technology using a robotic travelling module has no parallel and essentially accelerates operation. Determination of operating modes of the module, their checking and visualization is implemented by combining the simulation modeling and computer animation. The models based on specialized software GPSS Studio and Proof Animation enable interactive studies into joint operation of heading machinery and walking powered roof support. The tests provide the estimate of the heading cycle time.
Simulation modeling, computer animation, high-rate mining technology, underground openings
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030061
REFERENCES
1. Petrenko, I.E., Coal Industry Performance in Russia in 2021, Ugol’, 2022, no. 3, pp. 9–23.
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4. Starodubov, A.N., Zinov’ev, V.V., and Beresnev, M.V., Heading and Mining Simulation Modeling System, Ugol’, 2016, no. 2, pp. 20–24.
5. Devyatkov, V.V. and Gabalin, A.V., Simulation-Based Analysis of Business Processes with Queues Using GPSS Studio, Otkrytoe Obrazovanie, 2020, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 67–77.
6. Kaputin, Yu.E., Informatsionnye tekhnologii planirovaniya gornykh rabot (dlya gornykh inzhenerov) (Information Technologies for Planning Mining Operations: For Mining Engineers), Saint-Petersburg: Nedra, 2004.
7. Sturgul, J.R., Mine Design: Examples Using Simulation, SME, 2000.
8. Kuznetsov, I.S. and Kramarenko, V.A., Animated Presentation of Truck-and-Shovel System Operation, Russia the Young: Proceedings of the 11th All-Russian Conference with International Participation, 2019, pp. 30109–30109.
9. Egorov, A.P. and Kondakov, I.A., Feasibility and Efficiency of High-Rate Underground Heading Technology in Coal Mines, Ugol’, 2019, no. 11, pp. 22–28.
10. Kazanin, O.I., Dolotkin, Yu.N., and Zadavin, G.D., Prospects and Capabilities of High-Rate Roadway Heading in Multi-Drift Longwall Mining in Mines of Vorkutaugol, Ugol’, 2007, no. 12, pp. 4–8.
11. Baskakov, V.P. and Dobrovol’sky M.S., Experience of High-Rate Preparatory Heading with Stage-Wise Support and Reinforcement, Ugol’, 2011, no. 10, pp. 5–8.
12. Kuz’minich, V.A., Gorshkov, M.D., and Graule, D.V., Progressivnye tekhnologicheskie skhemy provedeniya gornykh vyrabotok (Advanced Roadway heading Flowcharts), Novokuznetsk: OAO UK Kuznetskugol’, 2000.
13. Klishin, V.I., Anferov, B.A., Kuznetsova, L.A., Nikitenko, S.M., Malakhov, Yu.V., and Mefod’ev, S.I. Russian Federation patent no. 2724816, Byull. Izobret., 2020, no. 18.
14. Klishin, V.I., Fryanov, V.N., Pavlova, L.D., Nikitenko, S.M., and Malakhov, Yu.V., Rock Mass–Multifunction Roof Mobile Roof Support Interaction in Mining, Journal of Mining Science, 2021, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 361–369.
15. Klishin, V.I., Malakhov, Yu.V., Nikitenko, S.M., and Anferov, B.A., Specifications for Walking Powered Roof Support within the Longwall Mining System, Naukoemk. Tekhnol. Razrab. Ispol’z. Miner. Resursov, 2020, no. 6, pp. 125–131.
16. Klishin, V.I. and Malakhov, Yu.V., Organizational Aspects of High-Rate Underground Roadway Heading Using Walking Powered Roof Support, Gorn. Oborud. Elektromekh., 2021, no. 4, pp. 9–15.
INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF GOLD PLACERS ON MINING EFFICIENCY IN THE NORTH
N. S. Batugina, V. L. Gavrilov, S. M. Tkach, and E. A. Khoyutanov
Chersky Institute of Mining of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, 677980 Russia
e-mail: batuginan@mail.ru
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: gvlugorsk@mail.ru
The authors discuss the influence exerted by the structural features of placers and by the distribution of useful components in them on the efficiency of the resource-saving mining. Considering clustering occurrence of gold ore seams, a geometrization error may reach 100% in some areas of operation. The errors of reserve appraisal are defined, and the applicable approaches to mineral exploration, mining and processing control are discussed. In terms of some placers in Yakutia, it is shown that the main causes of errors in gold reserve appraisal include inaccurate determination of the placer morphology and structure, the width first of all, as well as the gold content.
Placer, reserves, clustered structure, geometrization, reliability, efficiency, losses, dilution
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030073
REFERENCES
1. Batugin, S.А. and Chernyi, Е.D., Teoreticheskie osnovy oprobovaniya i otsenki zapasov mestorozhdenii (Theoretical Foundations for Testing and Assessing the Reserves of Deposits), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1998.
2. Troitsky, V.V., Methodological and Legal Problems Related to Replenishment of Placer Gold Deposits and their Mining, Zolotodobycha, 2015, no. 8. URL: https://zolotodb.ru/article/11307.
3. Shurygin, D.N., Vlasenko, S.V., and Shutkova, V.V., Estimation of the Error in the Calculation of Mineral Reserves Taking into Account the Heterogeneity of the Geological Space, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., Russky Island, 4–6 March, 2019, vol. 272.
4. Rogova, Т.B. and Shaklein, S.V., The Use of Geoinformation Technologies in the Assessment of Reserves of Coal Deposits in Kuzbass, Mineral’nye resursy Rossii. Ekonomika i upravlenie, 2021, nos. 1–6, pp. 47–53.
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6. Batugina, N.S., Gavrilov, V.L., and Tkach, S.М., The Error in Changing the Profit of a Mining Enterprise when Developing a Deposit with Complex Structure, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2018, no. 12, pp. 41–45.
7. Batugina, N.S., Gavrilov, V.L., and Tkach, S.М., Clustered Structure of Placer Deposits in Yakutia and the Use of its Features in Geotechnologies, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2019, no. 2, pp. 16–19.
8. Ermakov, S.А., Burakov, А.М., and Kasanov, I.S., Minimization of Processing Volumes of Gold-Bearing Sands from Placer Deposits in Yakutia according to the Criterion of Limiting Size of Substandard Feedstock, GIAB, 2014, no. 4, pp. 138–149.
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13. Coombes, J., Standing, C., Lacourt, R., and Queiroz, C., Exposing Uncertainty in Schedules for Proactive Stockpile Planning, Miner. Resour. Ore Reserve Estimation, 2014, pp. 619–626.
14. Gal’tseva, N.V., Goryachev, N.А., and Sharypova, О.А., Economic Potential for the Development of Mining Waste from the North-East of Russia, Mineral’nye resursy Rossii. Ekonomika i upravlenie, 2021, nos. 1–6, pp. 68–74.
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16. Mirzekhanov, G.S. and Mirzekhanova, Z.G., Evaluation Criteria for the Resource Potential of Man-Made Formations of Placer Gold Deposits in the Russian Far East, Vestn. Kamchatskoi regional’noi organizatsii “Uchebno-nauchnyy tsentr”. Ser.: Nauki o Zemle, 2014, no. 1, pp. 139–150.
17. Deng, H., Huang, X., Mao, X., Yu, S., Chen, J., Liu, Z., and Zou, Y., Generalized Mathematical Morphological Method for 3D Shape Analysis of Geological Boundaries: Application in Identifying Mineralization-Associated Shape Features, Nat. Resour. Res., 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s11053-021-09975-6.
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BUCKET CHAIN DREDGE PRODUCTIVITY ESTIMATION IN MANMADE PLACER MINING: METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
F. V. Dudinsky, B. L. Tal’gamer, and N. V. Murzin
Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russia
e-mail: go_gor@isu.edu
e-mail: talgamer@istu.edu
e-mail: murzinnv@istu.edu
The article gives methodical guidelines for calculating hourly and daily outputs of bucket chain dredges. The improved output determination procedure is a chain of calculations of dredge performance in correlation with strength characteristics of rocks and with their depth- and width-varied properties. It is proposed to group the mining time and to take into account the action time losses connected with face cutting, dredging within the placer limits, and with breaks for the auxiliary operations. The delays are included via the introduced face cutting factor. It is found how the technical capacity of dredge, the face cutting factor and the dredge utilization per day change as function of the face width at different thickness of placers. The authors put forward an empirical equation for the technical dredge capacity.
Bucket chain dredge, dredge performance, face cutting sequence, timing, dredge productivity
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030085
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13. Zamana, L.V. and Vakhnina, I.L., The Impact of the Placer Gold Mining in Eastern Transbaikalia (Russia) on the Environment Components of River Valleys in the Amur River Basin, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth. Environ. Sci., 2022, vol. 962, issue 1, 012043.
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NEW CAPABILITIES OF THE EARTH’S GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ENERGY IN UNDERGROUND ORE MINING WITH CONVERGENT TECHNOLOGIES
Yu. P. Galchenko, V. A. Eremenko, and A. M. Yanbekov
Academician Melnikov Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
NUST MISIS’ College of Mining, Moscow, 199991 Russia
e-mail: prof.eremenko@gmail.com
The authors propose a new approach to gravity caving of ore in mining with convergent technologies. Based on the ultimate span determination using the stability graph method by Mathews and Potvin among other things, the optimal conditions of gravity ore caving in block rock mass are defined. Structurally, in the operating layer of an ore body, a vertical cut-out is made, and the inclination angles of walls of the outlining and partition backfill masses are changed. The article presents calculation of the Earth’s gravitation field energy accumulated within the dome of natural equilibrium formed in rock mass in the course of mining.
Earth’s gravitational field energy, convergent mining technologies, gravity caving, exposed rock span, dome of natural equilibrium, Mathews–Potvin stability graph method, potential energy
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030097
REFERENCES
1. Trubetskoy, K.N. and Galchenko, Yu.P., Geoekologiya osvoeniya nedr Zemli i ekogeotekhnologii razrabotki mestorozhdenii (Subsoil Management Geoecology and Mineral Mining Eco-Geotechnologies), Moscow: Nauchtekhlitizdat, 2015.
2. Galchenko, Yu.P., Eremenko, V.A., Vysotin, N.G., and Kosyreva, M.A., Justification of Functional Organization and Contents of Modeling Cluster Concept for Geomechanical Research of Convergent Mining Technologies, Eurasian Min., 2021, no. 2, pp. 3–9.
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MINERAL DRESSING
HETEROCYCLIC REAGENTS IN FLOTATION OF SULFIDE ORE: A REVIEW
A. A. Lavrinenko and G. Yu. Gol’berg
Academician Melnikov Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources–IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: gr_yu_g@mail.ru
The authors discuss application of nitrogen–oxygen–sulfur heterocyclic agents as collectors and frothers in flotation of sulfide minerals. Efficient collectors are the compounds which contain nitrogen heteroatom and sulfur atom in pendent group: they can generate complex compounds, including chelate, with copper, antimony and other metals in sulfide ore. Compounds containing sulfur heteroatom can modify sulfide surface, which favors attachment of collectors later on.
Sulfide ore flotation, flotation reagents, collectors, xanthates, d-elements, heterocyclic compounds, frothers
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030103
REFERENCES
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8. Marabini, A.M., Ciriachi, M., and Barbaro, M., Thermodynamic Approach for the Evaluation of the Reactivity of Mercaptobenzothiazole Reagents with Pb and Zn Cations; Correlation with Results of Flotation, Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy: Section C, 2008, vol. 117, no. 1, pp. 43–47.
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10. Matveeva, Т.N. and Gromova, N.К., Features of the Effect of Mercaptobenzothiazole and Dithiophosphate in the Flotation of Au- and Pt-Containing Minerals, GIAB, 2009, no. S14, pp. 62–71.
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13. Ivanova, Т.А., Zimbovskiy, I.G., Getman, V.V., and Karkeshkina, А.Yu., Study of the Possibility of Using Dithiopyrilmethane in the Flotation of Sulfide Minerals, Obogashch. Rud, 2018, no. 6 (378), pp. 38–44.
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ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE PRODUCTION IN ULTRASOUND CAVITATION-ASSISTED ACID LEACHING OF KAOLIN CONCENTRATE
T. Yu. Eranskaya
Institute of Geology and Nature Management, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk, 675000 Russia
e-mail: taerta@mail.ru
A new method of acid leaching of kaolin concentrate is assisted with ultrasound cavitation used as a catalyzing factor. This method allows processing of alumina-bearing concentrate without heating of pulp and vacuum degassing of equipment. The lab-scale tests produced aluminum hydroxide at the yield of more than 90% of theoretical value. The process flow diagram is close-loop regarding all consumables.
Ultrasound cavitation, leaching, kaolin concentrate, kaolinite, aluminum hydroxide, alumina, nitric acid
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030115
REFERENCES
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COPPER–NICKEL ORE PROCESSING BY LOW-TEMPERATURE ROASTING IN MIXTURE WITH AMMONIUM SULFATE
A. A. Goryachev, A. T. Belyaevsky, D. V. Makarov, S. S. Potapov, and N. S. Tsvetov
Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
e-mail: a.goryachev@ksc.ru
Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
Tananaev Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements, Kola Science Center,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
e-mail: n.tsvetov@ksc.ru
Institute of Mineralogy, South Urals Federal Research of Mineralogy and Geoecology,
Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miass, 456317 Russia
email: s_almazov@74.ru
The phase transitions of sulfide minerals—pentlandite and chalcopyrite—are tested in roasting with mixture with ammonium sulfate. The behavior of the mixture during roasting is assessed via the synchronous thermal and X-ray phase analyses, and by scanning electron microscopy. The basic optimal technology parameters for the efficient processing of sulfide-bearing copper–nickel ore are selected to be: the roasting temperature of 400 °С, the ore : ammonium sulfate ratio of 1 : 10, the particle size of –40 µm and the roasting time of 240 min. An important condition is joint milling of ore and ammonium sulfate down to the specified size. Given these parameters, the later on water leaching of clinker provided extraction of 94.8% of copper, 91.5% of nickel and 82.3% of cobalt. The research findings are of essential practical interest owing to the high recovery of the target minerals.
Copper–nickel ore, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, low-temperature roasting, ammonium sulfate, leaching, nonferrous metals
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030127
REFERENCES
1. Mineral Commodity Summaries, U. S. Geological Survey, 2019.
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COMPARISON CHARACTERISTICS OF AMMONIUM FLUORIDE PROCESSING OF ASH AND SLAG WASTE WITH EXTRACTION OF ORE MICROCONSTITUENTS
V. S. Rimkevich, A. P. Sorokin, I. V. Girenko, and A. A. Pushkin
Institute of Geology and Nature Management, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Blagoveshchensk, 675000 Russia
e-mail: igip@ascnet.ru
The physicochemical research of ammonium fluoride processing of ash and slag waste is performed as a case-study of ash waste of Blagoveshchensk thermal station and fly ash of Amur experimental technology facility. The optimized conditions are determined for some reactions, including fluorination of feedstock in the temperature range of 50–200 °С, sublimation of ammonium hexafluorosilicate at 350–550 °С, as well as production of amorphous silica, fine-grain alumina, red iron-oxide pigment and calcium fluoride. The basic distribution patterns of rare earths, including Sc and Y, during ammonium fluoride processing are determined. The authors have developed the effective innovation technology for various ash and slag waste processing with extraction of ore microconstituents.
Ash and slag waste, ammonium fluoride processing, innovation technology, ore microconstituents
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030139
REFERENCES
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4. Sorokin, А.P., Savchenko, I.F., Noskova, L.P., Kuz’minykh, V.M., Konyushok, А.А., Rimkevich, V.S., and Krapiventseva, V.V., Multi-Purpose Use of Caustobioliths of Carbonic Series Based on Innovative Coal Chemistry Technologies in the Far East of Russia, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 147–157.
5. Huang, Z.X., Fan, M.H., and Tian, H.J., Rare Earth Elements of Fly Ash from Wyoming’s Powder River Basin Coal, J. Rare Earth., 2020, vol. 38, pp. 219–226.
6. Lanzerstorfer, C., Pre-Processing of Coal Combustion Fly Ash by Classification for Enrichment of Rare Earth Elements, J. Energy Reports, 2018, vol. 4, pp. 660–663.
7. Dugin, S.V., Sorokin, A.P., Kuz’minykh, V.M., and Konyushok, A.A., Potentially Economic Concentrations of Rare Earth Elements and Gold in Power Plant Coal Combustion Products (Far East, Russia), Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 2002, February.
8. Sorokin, A.P. and Ageev, O.A., RF patent no. 2699642, Byull. Izobret., 2019, vol. 324, no. 25.
9. Sorokin, A.P. and Konyushok, A.A., Distribution of Rare Metals and Rare Earths in Lignite Deposits of the Upper and Middle Amur River Region, DAN, 2018, no. 6, pp. 658–661.
10. Rimkevich, V.S., Sorokin, A.P., Pushkin, А.А., and Girenko, I.V., Physicochemical Analysis of Distribution of Useful Components in Waste in the Thermal Energy Sector, J. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 464–476.
REMOVAL OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
E. A. Krasavtseva, V. V. Maksimova, D. V. Makarov, and V. A. Masloboev
Laboratory of Nature-Like Technologies and Technosphere Safety in the Arctic,
Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
e-mail: vandeleur2012@yndex.ru
Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems,
Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
e-mail: d.makarov@ksc.ru
The article offers a review of the existing methods to remove suspended solids from industrial wastewater. The mechanical and physicochemical techniques which are in use already and to be in service in the short term are discussed. It is shown that each specific mine needs its own selection of a package of wastewater treatment methods.
Suspended solids, wastewater treatment, water settling, filtration, coagulation, electrocoagulation, flotation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030140
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SYNTHESIS OF NICKEL OXALATE FROM EXTRACT SOLUTION OF NICKEL LATERITE ORE: OPTIMATION AND KINETICS STUDY
Surianti, Kevin C. Wanta, Widi Astuti, Fika R. Mufakhir, Indra Perdana, and Himawan T. B. M. Petrus
Departement of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dayanu Iksanuddin University, Baubau, Indonesia
e-mail: surianti@unidayan.ac.id
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology,
Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, 40141 Indonesia
e-mail: kcwanta@unpar.ac.id
Research Center for Mining Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN),
Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 15,Tanjung Bintang, Lampung Selatan, 35361 Indonesia
e-mail: widi.mineral@gmail.com
Department of Chemical Engineering
(Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
e-mail: bayupetrus@ugm.ac.id
Unconventional Georesource Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
In this study, the synthesis of nickel oxalate was investigated from an extract solution of nickel laterite using the precipitation method. The experimentation determined the best conditions for nickel oxalate synthesis. Response Surface Method was applied to the experimental data to optimize the process. The kinetics study of the synthesis process shows that the approach using the Avrami model gives a better approach than the first-order integral model. The activation energy generated from the kinetics study with this model is 36.5221 kJ/mol.
Nickel oxalate, precipitation, oxalic acid, optimization, kinetics
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030152
REFERENCES
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GEOINFORMATION SCIENCE
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN PROBLEMS OF NONLINEAR GEOMECHANICS. PART I: EARTH REMOTE SENSING DATA AND LINEAMENT ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION WAVE PROCESSES
V. P. Potapov, V. N. Oparin, L. S. Mikov, and S. E. Popov
Institute of Computational Technologies–Division in Kemerovo, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, 650025 Russia
e-mail: ict@ict.nsc.ru
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: oparin@misd.ru
The authors propose a novel methodological approach to up-to-date integrated satellite monitoring for studying origination of source zones of natural and induced catastrophes at large-scale subsoil use facilities in Siberia. This approach uses multimodal experimental geomechanical and geodynamic data of Earth remote sensing and digital technologies. This allows orientation at various applied aspects of mining technologies with regard to transition to processing and analysis of Big Data on slow deformation wave processes from the standpoint of nonlinear ‘geomechanical thermodynamics’. The article describes the estimation method for the Earth’s crust surface in Kuzbass Coal Basin using the lineament field analysis and the two-dimensional radar-base satellite data of Earth remote sensing. The use of the geoinformation technology software and testing results are presented as a case-study of a disastrous landslide at a large open pit coal mine in linkage with thermodynamic periods in the geomechanical behavior of the object of monitoring.
Nonlinear geomechanics problems, lineament analysis, thermodynamic periods of generation of localized deformation centers, geoinformation technologies, Earth remote sensing data, destructive processes, diagnostics, prediction, disastrous landslide, open pit mining
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030164
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AN INTELLIGENT DETECTION METHOD FOR OPEN-PIT SLOPE FRACTURE BASED ON THE IMPROVED MASK R-CNN
Shunling Ruan, Danyang Liu, Qinghua Gu, and Ying Jing
School of Resources Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710055 China
e-mail: liudanyang1222@163.com
Xi’an Key Laboratory of Perception Computing and Decision Making in Intelligent Industry, Xi’an, 710055 China
School of Management, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710055 China,
School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
Slope fracture detection is critical in the safety management of the open-pit mine, and the non-timely detection of slope fractures may cause landslide or other serious consequences. To prevent the unexpected accidents caused by the failure of slope integrity, this paper proposes an intelligent fracture detection algorithm based on improved Mask R-CNN, which can address the limitations of traditional image processing algorithm and the classical deep learning model directly to the open-pit mine slope crack detection. In this paper, we use the integrated features of Mask R-CNN in target detection, segmentation and location, improve the shortcomings of Mask branch, such as unclear edges and false detections, and construct a detection and segmentation framework for slope fracture images of the open-pit mine. This method introduces dilated convolution neural network, and a classify segmentation iterative up-sampling operation into the mask branch, which can solve the problem of slope fracture Mask’s rough edge. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional crack segmentation algorithm, this method has higher recognition accuracy and better segmentation effect.
Open-pit mine, slope stability, fracture detection, segmentation, Mask R-CNN, application research
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030176
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3. Chen, Q., Inftuencing Factors and Preventive Measures of Slope Stabillty in Open-Pit Mines, Opencast Min. Technol., 2019, vol. 034, no. 1, pp. 92–94.
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6. Li, Q. and Liu, X., Novel Approach to Pavement Image Segmentation Based on Neighboring Difference Histogram Method, IEEE Comput. Soc., 2008.
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9. Wang, H., Zhu, N., and Qi, W., Segmentation of Pavement Cracks Using Differential Box-Counting Approach, J. Harbin Institute Technol., 2007, vol. 1, pp. 142–144.
10. Amhaz, R. et al., Automatic Crack Detection on 2D Pavement Images : An Algorithm Based on Minimal Path Selection, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2016, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 2718–2729.
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MINING ECOLOGY AND SUBSOIL MANAGEMENT
REDUCING NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF DORMANT PYRITE COPPER ORE MINE ON THE GEOSPHERE IN THE URALS
L. S. Rybnikova, P. A. Rybnikov, and V. Yu. Navolokina
Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620219 Russia
e-mail: luserib@mail.ru
Methods proposed for mine water treatment use different advanced equipment such as aerators and circular settling tanks which ensure increase in pH and decrease in impurity concentrations by 10–50 times. Passive mine water treatment uses small cascade ponds, which enables additional purification of water due to deceleration in water flow velocity and because of the longer time of interaction between impurities and reagents. The reconstruction of the existing system of three treatment stages can reduce pollution of surface and ground water, which brings essential improvement of ecology and minimizes damage caused to the hydrosphere.
Hydrosphere, pyrite copper ore deposit, impurities, acidic mine water, AeroTank, radial settling tank, cascade ponds
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122030188
REFERENCES
1. Rybnikova, L.S., Rybnikov, P.А., and Tarasova, I.V., Geoecological Challenges of Mined-Put Open Pit Area Use in the Ural, J. Min. Sci., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 181–190.
2. Kornilkov, S., Antoninova, N., and Sobenin, A., Assessment of the Sorption Potential of the Plant l. Sativum l. In the process of Formation of the Biogeochemical Barrier, E3S Web of Conf., 8th Int. Scientific Conf. on Problems of Complex Development of Georesources, 2020, p. 04020.
3. Rybnikova, L.S. and Navolokina, V.Yu., Justification of Measures to Minimize the Impact of Acidic Mine Waters on the Geosphere (Exemplified by the Levikha Pyrite Copper Ore Deposit, Sverdlovsk Region), Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2021, no. 5-2, pp. 245–256.
4. Johnston, D., Potter, H., Jones, C., Rolley, S., Watson, I., and Pritchard, J., Science Report—Abandoned Mines and the Water Environment, Environment Agency, 2008.
5. Mining and Water Quality. URL: https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/mining- and-water-quality (application date 03.02.2022).
6. UMMC Started River Purification near the Denezhkin Kamen Reserve. URL: https://www.justmedia.ru/
analitika/society/teper-kollegi-a-ne-vragi-ugmk-zanyalsya-ochistkoy-rek-vblizi-zapovednika-denezhkin-kamen (application date 03.02.2022).
7. Rybnikova, L.S. and Rybnikov, P.А., Patterns of Formation of Groundwater Quality in the Depleted Pyrite Copper Ore Mines of the Levikha Ore Field (Middle Urals, Russia), Geokhimiya, 2019, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 282–299.
8. Rybnikova, L. and Navolokina, V., Analysis and Feasibility of Measures to Minimize the Impact of Acid Mine Waters Discharged by Abandoned Copper-Sulphide Mines on Hydrosphere of the Tagil River, E3S Web of Conf., 2020, Vol. 177, p. 04009.
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10. FUCHS Mine Water Treatment. Case Studies, 2021. URL: https://www.fuchswater.com/wpcontent/uploads/ 2021/01/FUCHS_Mine_Water_Treatment_Case_Studies_2021-01.pdf (application date 04.02.2022).
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12. NPO EKOSISTEMA. Otstoinik radial’nyi vysokoi proizvoditel’nosti dlya ochistki stochnykh vod—ORSV (High Performance Radial Settling Tank for Wastewater Treatment), https://ecosystema.com/productions/ modules/Otstoynik_ORSV (application date 05.02.2022).
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