JMS, Vol. 59, No. 1, 2023
GEOMECHANICS
EFFECT OF THE VELOCITY OF ROTATION ON THE CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS FOR GEOMEDIA
A. F. Revuzhenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: revuzhenko@yandex.com
The author focuses on complex loading of a granular material at continuous rotation of the principal strain axes. The described testing procedure reveals the stress dependence on the relative velocity of rotation. It is possible to use the velocity of rotation of a unit volume relative to the velocity of rotation of the principal strain axes in the constitutive equations for a continuum.
Constitutive equations, objectivity concept, indifference, rotation velocity, complex loading
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010015
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ASSESSMENT OF CHANGE IN ROCK MASS PERMEABILITY IN THE VICINITY OF UNDERGROUND EXPLOSION FROM EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND NUMERICAL MODELING
A. M. Budkov, G. G. Kocharyan, and S. B. Kishkina*
Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, 119334 Russia
*e-mail: SvetlanK@gmail.ru
The plane and axially symmetric 2D numerical modeling of rock mass blasting is carried out using the Lagrangian tensor-based method. The results are compared with the actual direct measurements of rock mass permeability in the near zone of underground nuclear explosion Dnepr-1 in Khibiny in 1972. The post-explosion permeability of hard rocks is assessable at an admissible accuracy using the calculated shear strain intensity. A case-study of rock mass permeability change assessment in the near zone of blasting of a complex configuration charge is discussed.
Rock mass permeability, blasting effect, shear strain, rock fragmentation, numerical modeling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010027
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SHEAR LOCALIZATION AND STRUCTURING IN GRANULAR MEDIUM FLOW IN RADIAL CHANNEL
S. V. Klishin* and A. F. Revuzhenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: sv.klishin@google.com
The gravity flow of granular materials in axially symmetric convergent channels (V-shaped bunkers) is analyzed using the discrete element method. The symmetrical radial flow becomes unstable under certain conditions, and a space–time structure forms in the medium. The flow becomes essentially nonradial and asymmetric—the material is discretized into blocks, and the field of velocities inside the material becomes discontinuous. Further deformation reduces to relative movement of the blocks as rigid bodies.
Convergent channel, broken rock outlet, granular material flow, numerical modeling, laboratory experiment, discrete element method, shear strain localization
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010039
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SWELLING BEHAVIOR OF SAND–BENTONITE MIXTURES
M. Kuruoglu*, G. Boran**, and O. Elmas***
Department of Civil Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University,
Tinaztepe Campus, Izmir, 35390 Turkiye
*e-mail: mehmet.kuruoglu@deu.edu.tr
Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Izmir, 35390 Turkiye
**e-mail: gul.boran1@gmail.com
Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Izmir, 35390 Turkiye
***e-mail: perfectharmony2021@hotmail.com
In this study, the swelling behavior of sand-bentonite mixtures and pure bentonite is investigated by considering different factors, such as bentonite content in the mixture, specimen preparation method by applying different compactive efforts, and various effective stress levels. Compaction tests were performed on the specimens of the sand–bentonite mixtures with 10% and 20% bentonite contents, and pure bentonite. The maximum dry density and optimum water content of the specimens with 20% bentonite are higher than those of the specimens with 10% bentonite. Pure bentonite specimens have a lower maximum dry density and higher optimum water content compared to sand-bentonite mixtures. Specimens of the swelling tests were prepared at the optimum water content values of the mixtures. Up to a vertical effective stress of 25 kPa, the mixtures showed swelling behavior. Under the effective vertical stresses of 50 and 100 kPa, the specimens behaved in the compression side. It was seen that the application of either 10 or 25 blows by means of compactive effort in pure bentonite specimens had a negligible effect on the swelling behavior.
Sand, bentonite, swelling behavior, final void ratio, compactive effort
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010040
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ROCK FAILURE
AXIAL–TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS OF DRILL STRINGS WITH CRUSH-AND-SHEAR HYBRID BITS AT CONSTANT TENSION OF SUSPENSION CABLES
V. A. Koronatov
Bratsk State University, Bratsk, 665709 Russia
e-mail: kortavik@mail.ru
The article describes the rotary drilling modeling using the two-mass system of a drill string with a crush-and-shear hybrid drill bit. The head resistance of rocks on the bit is determined non-linearly: the penetration rate is added with the strength loss in the supporting medium under impact. The scope of the analysis embraces the continuous force generated by the rotating bit and the pulsed impacts by the drill strings at the end-points of the bit–bottomhole detachment. The initial conditions of the post-impact process, which define the initial penetration rate and the speed of the bit, are determined with regard to potential stick–slip effects. The numerical modeling proves that, as against the torsional vibrations, the axial–torsional vibrations of the drill string often result in the chaotic dynamics of drilling.
Drilling theory, rotary drilling, drill string, axial–torsional vibrations, head resistance force, crush-and-shear hybrid drill, stick–slip effects, deterministic chaos
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010052
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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CHUNAR SANDSTONE, MIRZAPUR, U.P., INDIA
Anand Singh*, A. K. Verma, Abhinav Kumar, C. S. Singhb, and Sanjay Kr. Roy
CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826001 India
Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University),
Varanasi, U.P., 221005 India
*e-mail: anandsingh@cimfr.nic.in
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, India Institute of Technology,
Patna, 801106 India
In this paper, the effect of elevated thermal treatment on the physico-mechanical parameters of Chunar sandstone from Mirzapur district of U.P. was investigated. The studied area is represented geologically by the Vindhyan Supergroup from Meso to Neproterozoic age. Sandstone of Chunar area, Mirzapur, U.P. has been granted the tag of Geographical Indication (GI) under the category of natural goods in 2019. Mechanical strength tests (indirect tensile and uniaxial compressive strength) were performed by a universal testing machine. Samples were treated at elevated temperature in the electric furnace at different temperatures for conducting mechanical and physical tests in each sample and results were recorded. The results suggest that for sandstone, high temperature treatment leads to volume expansion, weight reduction and a decrease in density as well as the reduction in the strength characteristics. Up to 200 °C there is an inappreciable increase in indirect tensile strength and compressive strength but after 200 °C strength gradually decreases. Beyond 400 °C, the P-wave velocities showed a sharp decline due to elevated temperature treatment induced cracks in the heated sandstone.
Chunar sandstone, rock strength, P-wave, high temperature
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010064
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MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
COMPOSITIONS OF BACKFILL MADE OF FINE AND VERY FINE NATURAL SAND
T. I. Rubashkina* and M. A. Kostina
Belgorod National University, Belgorod, 308015 Russia
*e-mail: korneychuk@bsu.edu.ru
The strength, elasticity and deformability testing of cemented paste backfill is carried out. The test backfill compositions include fine and very fine natural sand with the increased content of clay and dust, and refined with sifted granular blast-furnace slag 0–5 mm in size. The uniaxial compression strength, elasticity modulus and Poisson’s ratio are determined in the test backfill compositions at different stages of curing. The ultimate uniaxial compression strength is correlated with the P-wave velocity and elasticity modulus determined in the static and dynamic tests of the backfill compositions.
Cemented paste backfill, very fine natural sand, aggregate grade analysis, sifted granular slag, ultrasonic investigation, ultimate compression strength, elasticity modulus, Poisson’s ratio
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010076
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A NOVEL RATE OF PENETRATION PREDICTION MODEL FOR LARGE DIAMETER DRILLING: AN APPROACH BASED ON TBM AND RBM APPLICATIONS
J. de Moura*, J. Yang**, and S. D. Butt***
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
*e-mail: jdmj56@mun.ca
**e-mail: jyang@mun.ca
***e-mail: sdbutt@mun.ca
In this paper, De Moura and Butt model is extended to the large diameter drilling applications. The model proved to be effective and highly accuracy in predicting drilling performance in 19 distinct RBM and TBM operations even in the presence of datasets with high dispersion.
Penetration rate, tunnel boring machine, raise boring machine, drilling performance
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010088
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20. Adoko, A.C., Gokceoglu, C., and Yagiz, S., Bayesian Prediction of TBM Penetration Rate in Rock Mass, J. Eng. Geol., 2017, vol. 226, pp. 245–256.
21. Salimi, A., Rostami, J.M.C., and Hassanpour, J., Examining Feasibility of Developing a Rock Mass Classification for Hard Rock TBM Application Using Non-Linear Regression, Regression Tree and Generic Programing, J. Geotech. Geol. Eng., 2018, vol. 36, pp. 1145–1159.
22. Shaterpour-Mamaghani, A., Copur, H., Dogan, E., and Erdogan, T., Development of New Empirical Models for Performance Estimation of a Raise Boring Machine, J. Tunnel. Underground Space Technol., 2018, vol. 82, pp. 428–441.
23. Armeti, G., Migliazza, M.R., Ferrari, F., Berti, A., and Padovese, P., Geological and Mechanical Rock Mass Conditions for TBM Performance Prediction. The Case of “La Maddalena” Exploratory Tunnel, Chiomonte (Italy), J. Tunnel. Underground Space Technol., 2018, pp. 115–126.
24. Arbabsiar, M.H., Farsangi, M.A.E., and Mansouri, H., A New Model for Predicting the Advance Rate of a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) in Hard Rock Conditions, Min. Geol. Petroleum Eng. Bull., 2020, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 57–74.
25. Samaei, M., Ranjbarnia, M., Nourani, V., and Naghadehi, M.Z., Performance Prediction of Tunnel Machine through Developing High Accuracy Equations: A Case Study in Adverse Geological Condition, J. Measurement, 2020, vol. 152, pp. 107–244.
26. Chen, X., Yang, J., and Gao, D., Drilling Performance Optimization Based on Mechanical Specific Energy Technologies, Drilling, 2018, vol. 1, pp. 133–162.
27. Khorshidian, H., Butt, S.D., and Arvani, F., Influence of High Velocity Jet on Drilling Performance of PDC Bit under Pressurized Condition, Proc. 48th US Rock Mechanics, Geomech. Symp. ARMA, Minneapolis, 2014.
28. Wilfing, L., Kasling, H., and Thuro, K., Improvement of Penetration Prediction in TBM-Tunneling by Performing On-Site Penetration Tests, Proc. 13th Int. Congr. Rock Mech., Montreal, 2015.
29. Shaterpour-Mamaghani, A., Bilgin, N., Balci, C., and Avunduk, E., Predicting Performance of Raise Boring Machines Using Empirical Models, J. Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 2016, vol. 49, pp. 3377–3385.
30. Lislerud, A. and Vainionpaa, P., Application of Raiseboring for Excavating Horizontal Tunnels with Rhino Machines, Posiva, Helsinki, 1997.
31. Seller, T.W.K., Hard Rock Boring with Tungsten Carbide Insert Big Hole Cutters, Proc. 12th US Symp. Rock Mech. USRMS, Rolla, 1970.
32. Shaterpour-Mamaghani, A. and Bilgin, N., Some Contributions on the Estimation of Performance and Operational Parameters of Raise Borers—A Case Study in Kure Copper Mine, Turkey, J. Tunnel. Underground Space Technol., 2016, vol. 54, pp. 37–48.
SCIENCE OF MINING MACHINES
STRUCTURAL LAYOUT AND PARAMETERS OF HYDROIMPACTORS FOR END EFFECTORS OF MINING MACHINES
L. V. Gorodilov*, A. N. Korovin, V. G. Kudryavtsev, and A. I. Pershin
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: gor@misd.ru
The authors substantiate the design of an excavator’s end effector for joint rock crushing and loading. The structural layout and parameters of hydroimpactors included in the end effectors of mining machines are described. The physical model of the hydroimpactors is constructed, tested and adjusted. The test data on the dynamics and outputs of the model at different power fluid flow rates are compared. The simulation model of the hydroimpactor is constructed and verified using the test data. The capabilities of the hydroimpactors are calculated for the planned modes of operation. For the excavator’s end effectors, it is proposed to use the hydroimpactor design with the lagged return travel of the piston toward the flexible adjustment of the hydroimpactor performance and to reach the required impact capacity at lower flow rates of power fluids.
End effector, hydroimpactor, duty cycle, impact capacity
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912301009X
REFERENCES
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2. Mattis, A.R., Kuznetsov, V.I., Vasil’ev, E.I. et al., Ekskavatory s kovshom aktivnogo deistviya: opyt sozdaniya, perspektivy primeneniya (Excavators with Dynamic Buckets: Design Experience and Application Prospects), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1996.
3. Vetrov, Yu.A., Balandinsky, V.L., and Barannikov, V.F., Razrushenie prochnykh gruntov (Strong Soil Fracture), Kiev: Budivel’nik, 1973.
4. Shkurenko, N.S., Rakhlin, A.B., and Spektor, M.D., Vibrometod razrabotki merzlykh gruntov (Frozen Soil Cutting Vibromethod), Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1965.
5. Zelenin, A.N., Osnovy razrusheniya gruntov mekhanicheskim sposobom (Basics of Mechanical Fracture of Soil), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1968.
6. Galdin, N.S. and Bedrina, E.A., Kovshi aktivnogo deistviya dlya ekskavatorov (Dynamic Buckets for Excavators), Omsk: sibADI, 2003.
7. Mattis, A.R. and Labutin, V.N., Engineering of Dynamic Buckets for Hydraulic Excavators for Construction, Fund. Probl. Form. Tekhnogen. Geosredy, 2010, vol. 3, pp. 152–159.
8. Gorodilov, L.V., Kudryavtsev, V.G., and Pashina, O.A., Experimental Research Stand and Procedure for Hydraulic Percussion Systems, Journal of Mining Science, 2011, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 778–786.
9. Gorodilov, L.V. and Kudryavtsev, V.G., Hydraulic Impactor Control Methods and Charts, Journal of Mining Science, 2022, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 52–54.
10. Mattis, A.R. et al., Bezvzryvnye tekhnologii otkrytoi dobychi tverdykh poleznykh iskopaemykh (Blasting-Free Technologis of Open Pit Solid Mineral Mining), Novosibirsk: SO RAN, 2007.
REMOTE IMPACT FREQUENCY CONTROL OF AIR HAMMERS WITH POWER CLOSURE OF ELASTIC VALVE
I. V. Tishchenko* and V. V. Chervov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: ighor.tishchienko.70@mail.ru
It is important to enable remote control of duty cycle of air hammers via external distributors meant to set impact frequency. A new general layout is developed for the air-driven impact impulse generator with smooth adjustment of impact frequency at constant energy in driving construction elements in soil. The experimental model of the machine is designed and tested. Based on the analysis of the impulse indicator diagrams of the machine duty cycle, the impact frequency is correlated with the piston choke cross-section for three configurations of the control unit. The impact frequency control limits are found.
Soil, air hammer, impact unit, elastic valve, power structure, impact frequency, impact impulse energy, smooth adjustment, control unit
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010106
REFERENCES
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8. Ratskevich, G.I., Kozlov, V.A., and Kostylev, A.D., Air-Powered Percussive Machines for Underground Construction, Mekhanizats. Stroit., 1978, no. 5, pp. 8–10.
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11. Barkan, D.D., Vibrometod v stroitel’stve (Vibro-Method in Construction), Moscow: Gosstroyizdat, 1959.
12. Alimov, O.D., Manzhosov, V.K., Erem’yants, V.E. et al., Udar. Rasprostranenie voln deformatsii v udarnykh sistemakh (Impact. Deformation Wave Propagations in Percussive Systems), Moscow: Nauka, 1985.
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26. Tishchenko, I.V., Models of Impulse Generators with Variable Impact Capacity Structure, Stroitel’stvo, 2014, no. 3, pp. 79–87.
MINE AEROGASDYNAMICS
THERMAL PROCESSES IN DEEP MINE VENTILATION SHAFTS IN CASE OF AIRFLOW REVERSAL IN COLD SEASONS
M. A. Semin*, N. A. Knyazev, and D. S. Kormshchikov
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614007 Russia
*e-mail: seminma@inbox.ru
The spotlight is on reversal ventilation in a mine in case of an accident in winter. The inlet of cold air in underground openings endanger the health of miners, and mining equipment suffers from an adverse effect of negative temperatures. In compensatory measures design, the source data is the potentially transient distribution of mine air temperature after airflow reversal. The procedure of air temperature pattern in ventilation shaft during airflow reversal involves mathematical modeling of transient thermal processes in the shaft and in adjacent rock mass. The correct choice of the heat transfer coefficient between the shaft lining and air results from the comparison of the modeling results and the experimental data on the air temperature dynamics in planned airflow reversal.
Mine ventilation, reversal ventilation, ventilation shaft, heat transfer coefficient, modeling, thermal processes, experimental research
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010118
REFERENCES
1. Portola, V.A., Ovchinnikov, A.E., and Zhdanov, A.N., Evaluation of Endogenous Fire Precautions in Coal Mines, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—MIAB, 2019, no. 12, pp. 205–214.
2. Portola, V.A., Ovchinnikov, A.E., Sin, S.A., and Igishev, V.G., Accident Rate and Fire Hazard in Coal Mines, Vestn. Nauch. Tsentra Bezop. Rabot Ugol’n. Prom., 2018, no. 4, pp. 36–42.
3. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii o poryadke sostavleniya planov likvidatsii avarii pri vedenii rabot v podzemnykh usloviyakh (Instructional Guidelines on Accident Elimination Planning in Underground Operations), approved by Rostekhnadzor Order no. 364 dated 25 May 2007.
4. Pach, G., Rozanski, Z., Wrona, P., Niewiadomski, A.P., Zapletal, P., and Zubicek, V., Reversal Ventilation as a Method of Fire Hazard Mitigation in the Mines, Energies, 2020, vol. 13, pp. 1–17.
5. Kurilko, A. and Solovev, D., Temperature Conditions in the Ventilation Shaft Lining and the Space behind Lining when Reversing the Main Ventilation Unit in Winter, Proc. of the 8th Int. Scientific Conf. Problems of Complex Development of Georesources—EDP Sciences, 2020, vol. 192, pp. 1–7.
6. Levin, L.Yu., Theoretical and Technological Framework for Resource-Saving Air Conditioning in Mines, Dr. Tech. Sci. Dissertation Synopsys, 2010, pp. 24–32.
7. Kormshchikov, D.S., Kuz’minykh, E.G., and Semin, M.A., Safety of Air Flow Reversal in Ventilation Mine Shafts without Heating in Cold Season, Bezop. Truda Prom., 2022, no. 1, pp. 14–19.
8. Zaitsev, A.V., Kuz’minykh, E.G., and Ol’khovskii, D.V., Safety of Air Flow Reversal in Mines in Cold Seasons, Vestn. Gos. Ekspertizy, 2022, no. 1, pp. 66–73.
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15. Olkhovskiy, D.V., Kuzminykh, E.G., Zaitsev, A.V., and Semin, M.A., Study of Heat and Mass Transfer in Ventilation Shafts of Deep Mines in the Case of Airflow Reverse, J. Physics: Conf. Series, IOP Publish., 2021, vol. 1945, no. 1, P. 012044.
16. Voropaev, A.F., Teoriya teploobmena rudnichnogo vozdukha i gornykh porod v glubokikh shakhtakh (Theory of Heat Exchange between Mine Air and Adjacent Rock Mass in Deep Mines), Moscow: Nedra, 1966.
17. Shalimov, A.V., Theoretical Framework for Forecasting, Preventing and Combating Ventilation Accidents in Mines, Dr. Tech. Sci. Dissertation, Perm, 2012.
18. Levin, L.Y., Semin, M.A., and Zaitsev, A.V., Mathematical Methods of Forecasting Microclimate Conditions in an Arbitrary Layout Network of Underground Excavations, Journal of Mining Science, 2014, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 371–378.
19. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, M.A., and Zaitsev, A.V., Mathematical Methods of Forecasting Microclimate Conditions in an Arbitrary Layout Network of Underground Excavations, Journal of Mining Science, 2014, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 371–378.
20. Levin, l.Yu. and Semin, M.A., Influence of Shock Losses on Air Distribution in Underground Mines, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 287–296.
21. Grishin, E.L., Kormshchikov, D.S., and Levin, L.Yu., Mine Emergencies Analysis and Emergency Response Plan Development in Aeroset Software Package Using Air, Heat and Gas Distribution Algorithm, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2014, no. 9, pp. 185–189.
22. Zaitsev, A.V., Kazakov, B.P., Kashnikov, A.V., Kormshchikov, D.S., Kruglov, Yu.V., Levin, L.Yu., Mal’kov, P.S., and Shalimov, A.V., State Registration Certificate no. 2015610589, 2015.
MINERAL DRESSING
INFLUENCE OF MINERAL COMPOSITION ON PROPERTIES AND INTEGRATED PROCESSING PROSPECTS OF FERRUGINOUS BAUXITE
V. I. Rostovtsev
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: benevikt@misd.ru
The article describes the tests of thermal treatment effects on magnetic properties of bauxites and the results of their dry magnetic separation. Under increasing temperature in a muffle furnace to 600 °С, the magnetic susceptibility of treated bauxites decreases. The thermal radiation modification of bauxite by accelerated electrons under the same temperature improves the magnetic properties of the mineral. Magnetic separation efficiency is governed by the thermal treatment conditions. The process parameters to ensure extraction of rare and rare earth elements to the magnetic fraction are found.
Highly ferruginous bauxite, thermal treatment, accelerated electron processing, magnetic susceptibility, dry magnetic separation, rare and rare earth elements extraction
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912301012X
REFERENCES
1. Gosudarstvennyi doklad o sostoyanii i ispol’zovanii mineral’no-syr’evykh resursov Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 2020 g. (2020 State Report on Condition and Use of Mineral Resources in the Russian Federation), Moscow, 2021.
2. Chanturia, V.A. and Shadrunova, I.V., Innovative Activities on Deep and Environmentally Safe Processing of Manmade Raw Materials in the Face of New Economic Challenges, Proc. Int. Conf. on Integrated and Environmentally Safe Processing of Natural and Manmade Minerals (Plaksin’s Lectures), Vladikavkaz, 2021.
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7. O’Connor, C.T., Review of Important Developments since the 1st IMPC in 1952 in the Understanding of the Effects of Chemical Factors on Flotation, The 30th Int. Miner. Proc. Congr. IMPC, Cape Town, South Africa, 2020.
8. Y. Saavedra Moreno, Boumival, G., and Ata, S., Comparing the Froth Stability of Two-Phase and Three-Phase Systems for Various Frother Types, The 30th Int. Miner. Proc. Congr. IMPC, Cape Town, South Africa, 2020.
9. Wang, G., Wen, D., and Chen, X., A Comparison Study of Collisions of Bidisperse Inertial Particles in a Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence, The 30th Int. Miner. Proc. Congr. IMPC, Cape Town, South Africa, 2020.
10. Ignatkina, V.A., Shepeta, E.D., Samatova, L.A., Lygach, A.V., and Aksenova, D.D., Increasing the Contrast of Flotation of Finely Disseminated Calcium-Bearing Ores by Using of Combination Low Polar Compounds and Fatty Acid Collector, the 30th Int. Miner. Proc. Congr. IMPC, Cape Town, South Africa, 2020.
11. Lieberwirth, H. and Ktihnel, L., Influence of Particle Size on Selectivity in Confined Bed Comminution, The 30th Int. Miner. Proc. Congr. IMPC, Cape Town, South Africa, 2020.
12. Moodley, T. and Govender, I., Experimental Validation of DEM in Rotating Drums Using Positron Emission Particle Tracking, The 30th Int. Miner. Proc. Congr. IMPC, Cape Town, South Africa, 2020.
13. Oladele, T.P., Bbosa, L.B., and Weatherley, D.K., Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Pre-Existing Cracks during Impact Breakage in a Short Impact Load Cell Device, The 30th Int. Miner. Proc. Congr. IMPC, Cape Town, South Africa, 2020.
14. Rostovtsev, V.I. and Kondrat’ev, S.A., Improved Processing of Manmade Lead-Zinc Minerals, Proc. 18th Int. Sci. Congr. on Subsoil Use, Mining Engineering, Trends and Technologies for Prospecting, Exploration and Mining of Mineral Deposits. Economy. Geoecology, Novosibirsk: SGUGiT, 2022.
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MODELING OF KNELSON CONCENTRATOR OPERATING PARAMETERS BY USING APPLICATION OF BOX–BEHNKEN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR CHROMITE ORE
Selcuk Samanli*, Ozcan Oney, and Ozan Osmanli
Usak University, Department of Mining Engineering, Usak, 64200 Turkey
*e-mail: selcuk.samanli@usak.edu.tr
OKSAN Construction Transport Industry and Trade Limited Company, Usak, 64200 Turkey
In this study, modeling and optimization tests were conducted on enrichment of chromite ore by Knelson concentrator. For this purpose, the three-level Box–Behnken experimental design method was applied. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used at 95% confidence interval to test the significance of independent variables and their interactions. In order to estimate the chromite concentrate grade and chromite concentrate recovery with independent variables, quadratic polynomial regression equations were derived. Maximum concentrate grade of 54.77% and concentrated recovery values of 77.1% were reached in 12 l/min fluidization water flow rate, 1124.57 rpm bowl speed, and 21.05% solids ratio. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was calculated as 0.996 for concentrate grade and 0.991 for concentrate recovery. This indicates that the proposed model is a usable and effective model.
Chromite ore, Knelson concentrator, modeling and optimization, analysis of variance, Box–Behnken design
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010131
REFERENCES
1. Ferreira, S.L.C., Bruns, R.E., Ferreira, H.S., Matos, G.D., David, J.M., Brand, G.C., DaSilva, E.G.P., Portugal, L.A., Dos Reis, P.S., Souza, A.S., and Dos Santos, W.N.L., Box–Behnken Design: An Alternative for the Optimization of Analytical Methods, Analytica Chimica Acta, 2007, vol. 597, no. 2, pp. 179–186.
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11. Freire, L.A., Leite, J.Y.P., Da Silva, D., Da Silva, B.G., and Oliveira, J.C.S., Behavior of the Chromite Tailings in a Centrifugal Concentrator (Falcon), REM–Int. Eng. J., 2019, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 147–152.
FLOATABILITY OF LOW-OXIDIZABLE MOLYBDENUM AND ANTIMONY SULFIDES IN CONTROLLED OXIDATION–REDUCTION CONDITIONS
V. A. Ignatkina*, A. A. Kayumov, N. D. Ergesheva, and P. A. Chernova
National University of Science and Technology—MISIS,
Moscow, 119049 Russia
*e-mail: woda@mail.ru
The monomineral extraction of molybdenite and stibnite is tested and analyzed using non-frothing flotation, adsorption, IR spectroscopy, multiple frustrated total internal reflection and potentiometric measurements. The ionized sulfhydryl collectors tested at concentrations of 10–4 mole/l in a pH range of 2–12 include butyl xanthate, diisobutyl dithiophosphate, diisobutyl dithiophosphinate and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. The test nonionized collectors are diesel fuel and O-isopropyl-N-methyl thionocarbamate. Molybdenite shows higher floatability than stibnite in application of individual collectors in a pH range of 4.5–8.0. Stibnite is better floatable with diisobutyl dithiophosphate, while molybdenite flotation is more active with diesel fuel. The general critical concentration found for the modifiers H2O2 and Na2S2O3 is 4.4·10–3 mole/l—the flotation activity of molybdenite and stibnite is minimal at this concentration of the agents. Different sorption forms of the ionized sulfhydryl collectors are proved by the multiple frustrated total internal reflection infrared spectroscopy. Anisotropism of mineral electrodes Sb2S3 and MoS2 made along and across the crystal lattice cleavage is experimentally confirmed. The ratio rating of grains of low-oxidizable sulfides, broken along the cleavage or in other direction relative to the cleavage, can modify the process properties of molybdenite and stibnite.
Molybdenite, stibnite, floatability, sulfhydryl collectors, nonionized collectors, sodium thiosulfate, hydrogen peroxide, oxidation–reduction conditions, wettability, surface compounds
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010143
REFERENCES
1. http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202208310002. Application date 17.11.2022.
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5. Yi, G., Macha, E., Dyke, J.V., Macha, R.E., McKay, T., and Free, M.L., Recent Progress on Research of Molybdenite Flotation: A Review, Advances Colloid Interface Sci., 2021, vol. 295. — 102466.
6. Komiyama, M., Kiyohara, K., Li, Ya., Fujikawa, T., Ebihara, T., Kubota, T., and Okamoto, Ya., Crater Structures on a Molybdenite Basal Plane Observed by Ultra-High Vacuum Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and its Implication to Hydrotreating, J. Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2004, vol. 215, no. 1–2, pp. 143–147.
7. Sorokin, М.М., Flotatsiya: modifikatory. Fizicheskie osnovy. Praktika (Flotation: Modifiers. Physical Bases. Practice), Moscow: MISiS, 2016.
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9. Zhang, Q., Zhu, H., Yang, B., Jia, F., Yan, H., Zeng, M., and Qu, H., Effect of Pb2+ on the Flotation of Molybdenite in the Presence of Sulfide Ion, Results in Physics, 2019, vol. 14. — 102361.
10. Yang, B., Wang, D., Wang, T., Zhang, H., Jia, F., and Song, S., Effect of Cu2+ and Fe3+ on the Depression of Molybdenite in Flotation, Miner. Eng., 2019, vol. 130, pp. 101–109.
11. Zhu, H., Li, Yu., Lartey, C., Li, W., and Qian, G., Flotation Kinetics of Molybdenite in Common Sulfate Salt Solutions, Miner. Eng., 2020, vol. 148. — 106182.
12. Alvarez, A., Gutierrez, L., and Laskowski, J.S., Use of Polyethylene Oxide to Improve Flotation of Fine Molybdenite, Miner. Eng., 2018, vol. 127, pp. 232–237.
13. Li, Sh., Gao, L., Wang, J., Zhou, H., Liao, Yi., Xing, Ya., Gui, X., and Cao, Yi., Polyethylene Oxide Assisted Separation of Molybdenite from Quartz by Flotation, Miner. Eng., 2021, vol. 162. — 106765.
14. Wang, X., Yuan, Sh., Liu, J., Zhu, Yi., and Han, Yu., Nanobubble-Enhanced Flotation of Ultrafine Molybdenite and the Associated Mechanism, J. Molecular Liquids, 2022, vol. 346. — 118312.
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INFLUENCE OF MAGNETITE GRAIN SIZE ON MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF IRON ORE CONCENTRATES
A. S. Opalev* and V. V. Marchevskaya
Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
*e-mail: a.opalev@ksc.ru
The influence of coarseness of magnetite is examined in iron concentrates after wet sieving analysis. The test concentrates are the products of Olkon, Karelskiy Okatysh and Stoilensky GOKs. It is shown that magnetic susceptibility of the concentrates gradually reduces with the decreasing size of magnetite particles in the material < 50 μm and assumes the minimal values in the sieve residue < 8 μm.
Magnetite, magnetite concentrate, magnetic susceptibility, sieving, sieve residue, magnetic separation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010155
REFERENCES
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7. Shcherbakov, А.V., Gur’ev, А.V., and Cherednichenko, М.V., Implementation of Innovative Technology to Increase the Metallurgical Value of Concentrates from Stoilensky GOK, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2021, no. 6, pp. 81–85.
8. Opalev, А.S., Khokhulya, М.S., Fomin, А.V., and Karpov, I.V., Creation of Innovative Technologies for the Production of High-Quality Iron Ore Concentrate at Enterprises in the North-West of Russia, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2019, no. 6, pp. 56–61.
9. Opalev, А.S., Improving the Quality of Magnetite Concentrates on the Basis of Magnetic Gravity Separation, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2020, no. 9, pp. 72–77.
10. Gzogyan, S.R., Gzogyan, T.N., Lifanov, D.V., and Cherednichenko, М.V., Implementation of Innovative Technology for Increasing the Metallurgical Value of Concentrates from Stoilensky GOK, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2021, no. 6, pp. 76–81.
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14. Gzogyan, S.R. and Shcherbakov, А.V., Improving the Quality of Concentrates from Stoilensky GOK by Magnetic Gravity Separation, Obogashch. Rud, 2020, no. 6, pp. 3–8.
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17. Pelevin, А.Е., Sytykh, N.А., and Cherepanov, D.V., Particle Size Influence of Dry Magnetic Separation Efficiency, Mining Information and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2021, no. 11-1, pp. 293–305.
18. Khokhulya, М.S., Alekseeva, S.А., Cherezov, А.А., and Fomin, А.V., Analyses of Grinding and Gravity/Magnetic Separation with a View to Optimizing Mixed-Type Processing Technology for Rare Metals, Journal of Mining Science, 2021, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 511–522.
19. Gan, F.R., Peng, X.H., and Yang, B. Study on Process for Recovering Iron Concentrate from Iron-Containing Solid Waste in Mines, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 669–677.
20. Dyadin, V.I., Electrodynamic Separation of Fine Particles in the Pulsed Traveling Magnetic Field, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 113–118.
PROCESS MINERALOGY OF THE MALMYZH DEPOSIT
M. A. Gurman* and L. I. Shcherbak
Institute of Mining, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, 680000 Russia
*e-mail: mgurman@yandex.ru
The article describes the studies into the mineralogy and process properties of ROM gold–copper–porphyry ore from the Svoboda site of the Malmyzh deposit in the Khabarovsk Krai. The tests and analysis reveal the structure and texture, and mineral composition of the ore, as well as the occurrence forms of gold and silver. The ore characteristics which govern the difficulty of the selective flotation are determined. Efficiency of Cu, Au and Ag extraction in the bulk and copper flotation cycles is described, and the causes of loss of the minerals are discussed. The resultant copper concentrate contains gold and silver, while the presence of Bi, Te, Se and admixture of In, Cd in chalcopyrite add to the value of the concentrate. Magnetite extracted from the bulk flotation tailings contain some platinum (0.5–2.0 μm) and admixtures of Ti, V, Mn, Cr and Cu.
Gold–copper–porphyry ore, chalcopyrite, pyrite, bulk flotation, copper flotation cycle, concentrate, recovery, copper, gold, silver
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010167
REFERENCES
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6. Ivanov, V.V., Kononov, V.V., and Ignat’ev, Е.К., Mineralogical and Geochemical Features of Ore Mineralization in Metasomatites of the Malmyzh Gold–Copper Ore Field (Lower Amur Region), Tectonics, Deep Structure and Minerageny of East Asia: The 8th Kosygin’s Lectures, Vladivostok, 2013.
7. Kryukov, V.G., Lavrik, N.A., Litvinova, N.M., and Stepanova, V.F., Typomorphic Minerals in the Oxidation Zone of the Malmyzh Gold-Copper-Porphyry Deposit (Svoboda Site), Georesursy, 2019, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 91–98.
8. Sekisov, A.G. and Rasskazova, A.V., Assessment of the Possibility of Hydrometallurgical Processing of Low-Grade Ores in the Oxidation Zone of the Malmyzh Cu-Au Porphyry Deposit, Miner., 2021, vol. 11, no. 1.
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11. Matveeva, Т.N., Gromova, N.К., and Lantsova, L.B., Experimental Proof of Applicability of Cyclic and Aliphatic Dithiocarbamate Collectors in Gold-Bearing Sulphide Recovery from Complex Ore, Journal of Mining Science, 2021, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 123–130.
12. Izoitko, V.M., Tekhnologicheskaya mineralogiya i otsenka rud (Process Mineralogy and Ore Evaluation), Saint Petersburg: Nauka, 1997.
13. Ignatkina, V.A., Bocharov, V.A., Makavetskas, А.R., Kayumov, А.А., Aksenova, D.D., Khachatryan, L.S., and Fishchenko, Yu.Yu., Efficient Processing of Rebellious Copper-Bearing Ore, Tsvet. Metallurgiya, 2018, no. 3, pp. 6–18.
14. Yushina, T.I., Purev, B., D’Elia Yanes, K.S., and Malofeeva, P.R., Improvement of Porphyry Copper Flotation Efficiency with Auxiliary Collectors Based on Acetylene Alcohols, Eurasian Mining, 2019, no. 1, pp. 25–30.
15. Kondrat’ev, S.А., Collectability and Selectivity of Flotation Agent, Journal of Mining Science, 2021, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 480–492.
16. Naumov, D., Stamenov, L., Gaydardzhiev, S., and Bouzahzah, H., Coupling Mineralogy with Physicochemical Parameters in View Copper Flotation Efficiency Improvement, Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process, 2019, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 701–710.
17. Lazic, P., Niksic, D., Tomanec, R., Vucinic, D., and Cveticanin, L., Chalcopyrite Floatability in Flotation Plant of the Rudnik Mine, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 119–125.
18. Samatova, L.А., Ryaboi, V.I., and Shepeta, Е.D., Enhanced Nonferrous and Noble Metal Recovery in Scheelite-Sulfide Ore Flotation with Aeroflot Reagents, Journal of Mining Science, 2013, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 990–995.
19. Gurman, М.А. and Shcherbak, L.I., Gold Occurrence Forms in Run-of-Mine Gold-Copper-Porphyry Ore of the Malmyzh Deposit, Innovative Integrated Processing of Natural and Manmade Minerals—Plaksin’s Lectures, 2020, pp. 77–79.
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23. Ryaboi, V.I., Golikov, V.V., Shenderovich, V.А., and Streltsyn, V.G., Sodium Diisobutyl Dithiophosphate-Based Selective Collector for Sulfide-Arsenic Ores, Obogashch. Rud, 1997, no. 3, pp. 12–14.
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POTENTIAL OF MILKY QUARTZ FROM THE LARINO DEPOSIT IN THE SOUTHERN URALS IN PRODUCTION OF HIGH-PURITY QUARTZ CONCENTRATES
M. A. Korekina* and A. N. Savichev
South Ural Federal Research Center for Mineralogy and Geoecology,
Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miass, 456317 Russia
*e-mail: maria@mineralogy.ru
The authors appraise application of milky quartz from the Larino lode deposit in production of high-purity quartz concentrate with the total content of impurities less than 50 ppm. The structure and texture of milk quartz are analyzed using the optical microscopy and ICP-OES spectrometry methods. The elemental analysis data of the preconcentration and deep concentration products are compared. The low contents of the impurity elements in the deep concentration products of quartz from most lodes of the Larino deposit prove the applicability of this quartz material as a feedstock for the production of high-purity quartz concentrates.
Milky quartz, quartz concentrate, processing, ICP-OES spectroscopy, impurity elements
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010179
REFERENCES
1. Strashnenko, G.I. and Sobyanin, V.A., Prognoznaya otsenka Yuzhnogo i Srednego Urala na osobo chistyi kvarts (Predictive Estimation of the Southern and Middle Urals for High-Purity Quartz), Moscow: Rosgeolfond, 1982.
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MINING ECOLOGY AND SUBSOIL MANAGEMENT
OVERBURDEN RECYCLING IN MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION AT MINES
D. V. Bespolitov*, N. A. Konovalova, P. P. Pankov, and N. D. Shavanov
ZabIZHT Engineering and Production Consultancy, Trans-Baikal Institute of Railway Transport,
Chita, 672040 Russia
*e-mail: zabizht_engineering@mail.ru
The authors discuss feasibility of high-tonnage direct inclusion of overburden in composites for the construction of road layers at mines. It is found that overburden has a strength as per State Standard GOST 23558-94 and the prolonged dedusting effect. The optimal contents of the binder and fly ash are 8 and 10% by mass, respectively. Mechanical activation of fly ash for 1 min enlarges its specific surface by 2 times. The frost-resistant composites modified with mechanically activated fly ash and stabilizer (1% by mass) have the strength grades M20–M40.
Mine road, dedusting, waste recycling, overburden, fly ash, mechanical activation, composite material, stabilizer
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010180
REFERENCES
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COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF COAL MINE OVERBURDEN IN TUVA: AREAS OF APPLICATION
T. V. Sapelkina* and B. K. Kara-sal
Tuvynian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kyzyl, 667007 Russia
*e-mail: sapelkina_geotom@mail.ru
The scope of overburden investigation embraces overburden volume, physical state, mineralogy and chemistry, content of toxic elements, hydraulic/thermal/physical/mechanical properties, compositional analysis and potential process flows with a view to manufacturing materials of construction. It is found that the mineral and chemical compositions of overburden in coal mining are the same as the mineral raw material has, and the content of toxic elements is within the allowable concentrations. These rocks are classified as modulus-active and highly active, and are thermally inert. The integrated processing of overburden in coal mining enables using these rocks as a feedstock for the production of heat-insulating, ceramic, binding and road construction materials.
Overburden rocks, coal mining waste, mudstone, burnt clay, sandstone, composition, properties, construction materials
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123010192
REFERENCES
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