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JMS, Vol. 59, No. 4, 2023

GEOMECHANICS

MODELING EFFECTS OF GRAVITY ON GAS DRAINAGE IN METHANE-CONTAINING COAL SEAMS
M. V. Kurlenya*, K. Kh. Lee**, V. G. Kazantsev, H. U. Li, and V. S. Zykov***

Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: kurlenya@misd.ru
Scientific Center VostNII, Kemerovo, 650002 Russia
**e-mail: leeanatoly@mail.ru
Federal Research and Production Center ALTAI,
Biysk, 659322 Russia
***e-mail: wts-01@mail.ru

The apparatus of nonstationary thermoelasticity is used to estimate the joint and separate effects of gas pressure sorption and gravity on gas drainage and on stress state in the vicinity of underground openings. It is shown that gas flow changes the stress state of coal, and pressure in sorption essentially counteracts pressure in gravity. Ignorance of the latter fact may lead to a poorly substantiated choice of a coal gas drainage technology and to an erroneous prediction of rock strength and stability.

Modeling, coal seam, gas drainage, flow, pressure in sorption, stress state

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040014

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EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF POROPERM PROPERTIES OF FRACTURED POROUS GEOMATERIALS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF DUAL-PERMEABILITY MODEL
L. A. Nazarov*, N. A. Golikov, A. A. Skulkin, and L. A. Nazarova

Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
*e-mail: mining 1957@mail.ru
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia

The experimental procedure is developed and tested on a laboratory scale and using layered samples of manmade geomaterials. Within the dual-permeability model, the procedure enables determining parameters that govern fluid flow and poroelastic deformation in fractured porous rock masses, namely, fracture permeability k1 and mass transfer coefficient β, as well as their dependence on stresses σ. The testing procedure is proposed and implemented. In the procedure, under the stepwise increasing normal stress σ, the stationary flow rates Q1(σ) and Q2(σ) are measured in a quasiregular fractured porous sample at the preset pressure difference: using a standard setup (Q1) and in closed end-face fractures (Q2). The mathematical model of the experiment is constructed, and the analytical solution of the problem on stationary flow is obtained: pressure patterns in fractures, and stress-dependence of flow rates. The experimental data interpretation algorithm enables calculating k1 and β by the recorded flow rates Q1 and Q2. It is shown that the permeability k1 is proportional to σ – 2, and β remains almost unchanged.

Fractured porous rock mass, laboratory experiment, manmade geomaterial, regular layered sample, permeability, matrix, fractures, mass transfer coefficient, stress

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040026

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ROCK FRACTURE

SEISMIC AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL MONITORING OF LARGE-SCALE BLAST PARAMETERS: A CASE-STUDY OF LEBEDINSKY OPEN PIT MINE, KURSK MAGNETIC ANOMALY
E. M. Gorbunova*, S. M. Petukhova, and A. G. Ivanov

Academician Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, 119334 Russia
*e-mail: emgorbunova@bk.ru

The authors analyze seismic and hydrogeological data recorded after a large-scale blast on 22 September 2021 in Lebedinsky open pit mine, Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. In blasting of four groups of blocks, the maximum values of PPV are determined at five observation points arranged at the epicentral distances of 1.7–4.9 km, as well as the amplitudes of the hydrogeological response are assessed in two observation wells in overlying rock mass. The main parameters of the blast-induced seismic effect are used to calculate maximum PPV from the earlier found relation. The divergence of the recorded and theoretical data is observed in the near field of the blast in the first group of blocks, at the reduced distances of 106–198 m/kg1/3. In blasting in sedimentary rocks at the reduced distances of 405–512 m/kg1/3, the difference in the wavefield is observed. The research findings can be used in drilling-and-blasting control.

Large-scale blast, iron ore deposit, Lebedinsky open pit mine, PPV, hydrogeological response

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040038

REFERENCES
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2. Federal’nye normy i pravila v oblasti promyshlennoi bezopasnosti. Pravila bezopasnosti pri vzryvnykh rabotakh (Federal Code of Industrial Safety. Blasting Safety Regulations), approved by Rostekhnadzor, order no. 605 dated 16 Dec 2013 and edited by order no. 518 dated 30 Nov 2017.
3. Kostyuchenko, V.N., Kocharyan, G.G., Ivanov, B.A., and Gotvinskaya, O.A., Radiation and Propagation of Seismic Waves in Block Medium, Fizicheskie protsessy v geosferakh: ikh proyavlenie i vzaimodeistvie (geofizika sil’nykh vozmushchenii): sb. nauch. tr. (Physical Processes in Geospheres: Development and Interaction (Geophysics of Strong Perturbations): Collection of Scientific Papers), Moscow: IDG RAN, 1999, pp. 60–73.
4. Kocharyan, G.G., Kulikov, V.I., and Pavlov, D.V., Impact of Massive Blasts on Stability of Tectonic Faults, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 905–913.
5. Kutuev, V.A., Men’shikov, P.V., and Zharikov, S.N., Analysis of Explosion Effects on Underground Mine Workings of the Magnezitovaya Mine, J. Fundament. Appl. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 11–17.
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7. Kishkina, S.B. and Spivak, A.A., Local Seismic Effect Induced by Blasts in Surface Mines, Fizicheskie protsessy v geosferakh: ikh proyavlenie i vzaimodeistvie (geofizika sil’nykh vozmushchenii): sb. nauch. tr. (Physical Processes in Geospheres: Development and Interaction (Geophysics of Strong Perturbations): Collection of Scientific Papers), Moscow: IDG RAN, 1999, pp. 111-116.
8. Kishkina, S.B., Kulikov, V.I., and Rodionov, V.N., Accumulation of Damages in Rocks Mass during Large-Scale Blasting in Open Pit Mines, Geoekolog., 2004, no. 1, pp. 76–81.
9. Kocharyan, G.G., Goryunov, B.G., Kabychenko, N.V., Pavlov, D.V., and Svintsov, I.G., Seismic Background and Diagnostics of Block Medium, Fizicheskie protsessy v geosferakh: ikh proyavlenie i vzaimodeistvie (geofizika sil’nykh vozmushchenii): sb. nauch. tr. (Physical Processes in Geospheres: Development and Interaction (Geophysics of Strong Perturbations): Collection of Scientific Papers), Moscow: IDG RAN, 1999, pp. 140-145.
10. Zheleznye rudy KMA (Iron Ore of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly), Moscow: Geoinformmark, 2001.
11. Gorbunova, E.M., Besedina, A.N., Kabychenko, N.V., Batukhtin, I.V., and Petukhova, S.M., Precision Hydrogeology Monitoring in Anthropologically Altered Conditions: Organization, Implementation and Experimental Data Processing, Seismich. Pribory, 2021, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 62–80.
12. Batukhtin, I.V., Besedina, A.N., Gorbunova, E.M., and Petukhova, S.M., Response of Water-Saturated Reservoir Rocks to Large-Scale Blasting, Transations of IDG RAN, Moscow: GEOS, pp. 36–45.
13. Kocharyan, G.G., Zolotukhin, S.R., Kalinin, E.V., Panas’yan, L.L., and Spungin, V.G., Stress–Strain State of Rock Mass in the Zone of Tectonic Fractures in the Korobkovo Iron Ore Deposit, Journal of Mining Science, 2018, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 1-9.

CHANGE IN GRAIN-SIZE COMPOSITION OF COAL IN TOOTHED SCREW CRUSHING ON A LABORATORY SCALE
Yu. F. Patrakov, A. I. Stepanenko, S. M. Nikitenko*, S. A. Semenova, and A. A. Stepanenko**

Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, 650065 Russia
*e-mail: nsm.nis@mail.ru
Gormashexport, Novosibirsk, 630005 Russia
**e-mail: goraexport@mail.ru

The article presents the results of toothed screw crushing of coal on a laboratory scale. The samples are the marketable coal from different deposits in Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. From the analysis of change in the quantity outputs of grain sizes, it is found that irrespective of the coal field location and coal grade, the use of a toothed screw crusher in coal preparation for dressing leads to no overgrinding of coal.

Grain size composition of coal, crushers, coal grindability, blended fuel

DOI: 10.1134/S106273912304004X

REFERENCES
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5. Zheng, L., Li, D., and Xu, S., Analysis on the Impact Crushing Dust Generation Test Method and Its Influencing Factors, Powder Technol., 2021, vol. 388, pp. 100–109.
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MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY

ANALYSIS OF COAL OUTLET PARAMETERS BY SIMULATION MODELING OF LONGWALL TOP COAL CAVING
V. I. Klishin, A. N. Starodubov*, V. A. Kramarenko, A. N. Kadochigova, and A. V. Kaplun

Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kemerovo, 650065 Russia
*e-mail: a.n.starodubov@gmail.com
Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, 650000 Russia

The new design of a powered roof support for the controlled longwall top coal caving in thick coal seams contains a special outlet and a reciprocating feeder. The introduction of such technology needs pre-testing and analysis of the outlet modes per the support units, such that to ensure the maximum allowable fill of the longwall conveyor without its overloading and dynamic phenomena. Created in Rocky DEM environment with that end in view, the simulation model takes into account the physical effect of rock mass fracture using the discrete element method, and enables variation in the design parameters and operating conditions of the powered roof support. The implemented experiments make it possible to assess the interdependence of the average velocity of coal outlet to the conveyor, the outlet gate angle and the feeder vibration frequency.

Thick coal seams, underground mining, simulation model, powered roof support, feeder, outlet modes, scraper conveyor

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040051

REFERENCES
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9. Klishin, V.I. and Klishin, S.V., Top Coal Caving with Powered Roof Supports with Outlets in Thick Seams: Current Situation and Development Trends, Izv. TulGU. Nauki o Zemle, 2019, issue 1, pp. 162–173.
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11. Konyukh, V.L. and Zinov’ev, V.V., Diskretno-sobytiynoe modelirovanie podzemnykh rabot (Discrete Event-Driven Simulation of Underground Mining Operations), Novosibirsk: SO RAN, 2011.
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13. Devyatkov, V.V., Metodologiya i tekhnologiya immitatsionnykh issledovanii slozhnykh sistem: sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya (Methodology and Technology of Simulation Studies of Complex Systems: Current Situation and Development Prospects), Moscow: INFRA-M, 2013.
14. Pavlova, L.D., Modelirovanie geomekhanicheskikh protsessov v razrushaemom ugleporodnom massive (Modeling Geomechanical Processes in Coal–Rock Mass during Failure), Novokuznetsk: SibGIU, 2005.
15. Fryanov, V.N., Pavlova, L.D., and Temlyantsev, M.V., Theoretical Approaches to Robotic Coal Mine Design Based on Advanced Modeling Technologies, Naukoemk. Tekhnol. Razrab. Ispol’z. Mineral. Resurs., 2017, no. 3, pp. 15–21.
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18. Starodubov, A.N., Sinoviev, V.V., and Klishin, V.I., Research of Draw Mining Method Modes Using Simulation Model, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Env. Sci., 2019, vol. 377.
19. Starodubov, A.N., Zinov’ev, V.V., Klishin, V.I., and Kramarenko, V.A., Simulation Modeling in Top Coal Caving Research, Proc. 9th Conference on Simulation Modeling. Theory and Practice, Ekaterinburg, 2019, pp. 540–547.
20. Klishin, V.I. and Khudyntsev, V.A., Creation of Power-Driven Machine Systems for Top Coal Caving in Thick Coal Seams, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2022, no. 6, pp. 96–106.

DEM-BASED ANALYSIS OF ORE LOSSES IN SUBLEVEL STOPING
V. V. Laptev* and S. V. Lukichev**

Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Apatity, 184209 Russia
*e-mail: v.laptev@ksc.ru
**e-mail: s.lukichev@ksc.ru

The article describes numerical modeling of sublevel stoping using the discrete element method. The study included development of a modeling procedure, creation and calibration of the numerical models, and the result analysis. The optimal design parameters of structural components of the mining system are found, which are promotive of reduced ore losses in sublevel stoping at the Khibiny apatite–nepheline deposits. Some behavioral patterns of rock mass during sublevel stoping are obtained. The mechanism of ore losses is described.

Sublevel caving, design parameters, structural components, sublevel stoping, losses, dilution, ore recovery rates, discrete element method, numerical modeling, drawpoint shape

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040063

REFERENCES
1. Lukichev, S.V., Semenova, I.E., Belogorodtsev, O.V., and Onuprienko, V.S., Increasing Production Capacity of an Underground Mine at Deep Levels, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2019, no. 10, pp. 85–88.
2. Pakalnis, R.T. and Hughes, P.B., Sublevel Stoping—SME Mining Engineering Handbook, New York: Society of Mining, Metallurgy and Explorations, 2011, pp. 1365–1375.
3. Rusin, E.P. and Stazhevsky, B.O., Swedish Sublevel Stoping Variant: Current Situation and Prospects, The 13th International Congress Proceedings—Interexpo GEO-Sibir 2017, Ekaterinburg, 2017, vol. 2, pp. 112–116.
4. Brunton, I.D., Fraser, S.J., Hodgkinson, J.H., Stewart, P.C., Parameters Influencing Full Scale Sublevel Caving Material Recovery at the Ridgeway Gold Mine, Int. J. Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2010, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 647–656.
5. Chen, J.Y. and Boshkow, S., Recent Development and Application of Bulk Mining Methods in the People’s Republic of China, Int. Conf. Caving and Sublevel Stoping, Denver, USA: SME-AIME, 1981, pp. 393–418.
6. Quinteiro, C., Hustrulid, W., and Larsson, L., Theory and Practice of Very Large-Scale Sublevel Caving, Underground Mining Methods, Engineering Fundamentals and International Case Studies, SME, Littleton, Colorado, USA, 2001, pp. 381–384.
7. Malofeev, D.E., Razvitie teorii i praktiki vypuska rudy pod obrushennymi porodami (Ore Drawing under Caved Rocks: Theory and Practice), Krasnoyarsk, 2007.
8. Nagovitsyn, O.V. and Stepacheva, A.V., Digital Twin of Solid Mineral Deposit, Journal of Mining Science, 2021, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1033–1040.
9. Feoktistov, A.Yu., Kamenetsky, A.A., Blekhman, L.I., Vasil’kov, V.B., Skryabin, I.N., and Ivanov, K.S., Application of Discrete Element Method in Modeling Processes in Mining and Metallurgy, Zap. Gorn. Inst., 2011, vol. 192, pp. 145–149.
10. Ai, J., Chen, J.F., Rotter, J.M., and Ooi, J.Y., Assessment of Rolling Resistance Models in Discrete Element Simulations, Powder Technology, 2011, vol. 206, issue 3, pp. 269–282.
11. Lapcevic, V. and Torbica, S., Numerical Investigation of Caved Rock Mass Friction and Fragmentation Change Influence on Gravity Flow Formation in Sublevel Caving, Minerals, 2017, vol. 7 (56), pp. 1–18.
12. Lapcevic, V., Torbica, S., Asadizadeh, M., Dokic, N., Duranovic, M., and Petrovic, M., Influence of Boundary Conditions in DEM Models of Sublevel Caving on Dilution and Recovery, Podzemni radovi, 2018, no. 33, pp. 1–15.
13. Belogorodtsev, O.V. and Nagovitsyn, G.O., Technology and Sequence of Underground Mining at Gakman Site of Yukspor Deposit, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin, 2021, no. 5-1, pp. 19–28.
14. Laptev, V.V., Numerical Modeling of Broken Rock Flow during Ore Drawing Using ROCKY DEM, Vestn. MGTU, 2019, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 149–157.

DEFORMATION OF STRONG OVERBURDEN ROCKS IN DAMS AND OVERBURDEN DUMPS DURING OPERATION OF TRANSPORT MACHINES
V. A. Babello* and M. V. Lizunkin**

Chita Division—Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Chita, 672039 Russia
*e-mail: chita_bva@mail.ru
Transbaikal State University, Chita, 672039 Russia
**e-mail: lmv1972@mail.ru

Compressibility of strong and structurally disturbed rocks is determined for predicting land subsidence and stability during operation of transport machines. The plate-bearing tests are carried out on a large bench tester at different normal pressures and different densities of strong overburden rocks. The method to estimate deformability of strong overburden rocks using a plate and a station rod is described. The results were used to assess passability of transport machines during damming, and for the damp stability calculation.

Mineral deposit, tailings pond, dam, strong overburden dumps, bench tester, deformation characteristics, transport machine passability, stability, deformation modulus, plate-bearing test

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040075

REFERENCES
1. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po raschetu ustoichivosti i nesushchei sposobnosti otvalov (Procedural Guidelines on Stability and Load-Bearing Capacity of Waste Dumps), Leningrad: VNIMI, 1987.
2. Lomize, G.M. and Kravtsov, G.I., Experience of Full-Scale Stress–Stain Research in the Framework of Axially Symmetric Problem, Osnovan., Fundament. Mekh. Gruntov, 1969, no. 3, pp. 3–6.
3. Rabotnikov, A.I. and Kovanev, B.M., Experimental Studies into Stress and Strain Distribution Depthwise Bed under Stiff Die Block, Osnovan., Fundament. Resp. Mezhvedomstv. Nauch. Sbornik, 1970, issue 3, pp. 59–64.
4. Lomize, G.M., Kryzhanovsky, A.L., and Petryanin, V.F., Stress–Strain Patterns and Development in Sand Bed in Plane Problem, Osnovan., Fundament. Mekh. Gruntov, 1972, no. 1, pp. 4–7.
5. Krivorotov, A.P., Experimental Research of Stress State Variation in Sand Bed in Incremental Loading of Shallow Die Block, Izv. Vuzov: Stroit. Arkhitekt., 1973, no. 10, pp. 106–110.
6. Polishchuk, A.I., Experimental Full-Scale Stress–Strain Studies in Beds under Die Blocks: A Case-Study of Dry and Moist Loess Soils), Synopsis of Cand. Tech. Sci. Dissertation, Moscow, 1979.
7. Tsytovich, N.A., Mekhanika gruntov (Soil Mechanics), Moscow: Vysh.shkola, 1979.
8. Zhabin, A.B., Polyakov, A.V., Averin, E.A., Linnik, Yu.N., and Linnik, V.Yu., Integrated Effect of Size on Ultimate Compressive Stress of Rock Samples, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin, 2022, no. 8, pp. 5–13.
9. Sultanalieva, R.M., Konushbaeva, A.T., and Turdubaeva, Ch.B., Rocks Strength Determination in Uniaxial Compression and Tension, Mezhd. Zh. Prikl. Fund. Issled., 2021, no. 5, pp. 61–66.
10. Ermolovich, E.A., Ovchinnikov, A.V., Anikeev, A.A., and Khaustov, V.V., Size Effect on Strength of Chalk Sample, Izv. TulGU. Nauki o Zemle, 2020, no. 2, pp. 263–271.
11. Usol’tseva, O.M., Tsoi, P.A., and Semenov, V.N., Sample Size Influence on Stress-Strain Properties of Rocks, J. Fundament. Appl. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 53–59.
12. Kun Du, Xuefeng Li, Rui Su, Ming Tao, Shizhan Lv, Jia Luo, and Jian Zhou, Shape Ratio Effects on the Mechanical Characteristics of Rectangular Prism Rocks and Isolated Pillars under Uniaxial Compression, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2022, no. 32, pp. 347–362.
13. Durmekova, T., Bednarik, M., Dikejova, P., and Adamcova, R., Influence of Specimen Size and Shape on the Uniaxial Compressive Strength Values of Selected Western Carpathians Rocks, Environ. Earth. Sci., 2020, vol. 81, no. 247.
14. Andre C Zingano, Estimating Coal Strength Based on Historical Laboratory Tests and Geomechanics Classification, Aspects Min. Miner. Sci., 2020, vol. 5, issue 4, 000618.
15. Sefer Beran Celik, The Effect of Cubic Specimen Size on Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Carbonate Rocks from Western Turkey, Arab. J. Geosci., 2017, vol. 10.
16. Rasskazov, L.N. and Yakimanskaya, T.A., Strength Properties and Deformation Characteristics of Safedob Sand Clay in Triaxial Compression Tests, Trudy VNII VODGEO. Gidrotekhnika, 1972, issue 34, pp. 68–72.
17. Lobanov, I.Z., Stress State Effect on Deformability of Granular Soil, Voprosy Inzh. Geolog., Osnovan. Fundament., 1962, issue 28, pp. 107–120.
18. Krivorotov, A.P. and Pais, P.P., Experimental Studies on Variability of Deformation Characteristics and Strength Properties of Sand in Complex Stress State, Izv. Vuzov: Stroit. Arkhitekt., 1982, no. 3, pp. 28–32.
19. Panyukov, P.N., Bereshchagin, N.P., Dobrov, E.M., and Kravchuk, S.V., Metodicheskie ukazaniya po opredeleniyu deformatsionnykh, prochnostnykh i fil’tratsionnykh kharakteristik gormnykh porod v stabilometrakh (Procedural Guidelines on Determination of Deformation, Strength and Flow Characteristics on Triaxial Compression Machines), Belgorod: VIOGEM, 1973.
20. Meng, F., Zhang, J.-S., Chen, X.-B., and Wang, Q.-Y., Deformation Characteristics of Coarse-Grained Soil with Various Gradations, J. Central South University, 2014, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 2469–2476.
21. Pham Duc Phong, Su Q., Zhou C.-B., Vu A.-T., and Lam H.-H., Deformation and Strength Characteristics of Graded Gravel by Large-Scale Triaxial Tests, Electronic J. Geotechnical Eng., 2015, vol. 20, no 1, pp. 5913–5925.
22. Sorokina, G.V., Rekomendatsii po metodam opredeleniya koeffitsientov bokovogo davleniya i poperechnogo rasshireniya gruntov (Recommendations on Determination Methods for Lateral Earth Pressure and Transverse Expansion Coefficients in Soils), Moscow: NIIOSP, 1978.
23. Babello, V.A., Lizunkin, V.M., Lizunkin, M.V., and Sobolev, S.A., Crushed Rock Strength Testing at Iron Ridge Deposit, Journal of Mining Science, 2023, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 256–263.
24. USSR State Standard GOST 28514-90, Moscow: Standartinform, 2005.
25. Russian State Standard GOST 20276.1-2020, Moscow: Standartinform, 2020.
26. Viktorov, S.D., Kazakov, N.N., and Shlyapin, A.V., Software Registration Certificate no. 2009610378 Gransostab-2008, URAN IPKON RAN, 2009.
27. Lizunkin, V.M., Babello, V.A., Lizunkin, M.V., and Beydin, A.V., Determination of Poisson’s Ratio in Crushed Hard Rocks of Various Grain-Size Composition, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2017, no. 2, pp. 45–50.
28. Babello, V.A., Beydin, A.V., Lizunkin, V.M., and Lizunkin, M.V., RF patent no. 2634312, Byull. Izobret., 2017, no. 30.

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CEMENTED ROCK FILL AT THE CERRO LINDO MINING UNIT IN PERU
L. A. Perez and C. G. Perea*

INCIMMET S.A. Development of New Services for the Excavation Solutions Area, Lima, Peru
Group of Environmental Geochemistry, Pedagogical
and Technological University of Colombia in Sogamoso, Colombia
*e-mail: carlos.perea@uptc.edu.co

The authors developed a pilot project to test different preparations of cemented rock fill, determine the appropriate mix design, and check necessary mix strength. The article presents the required resistance studies and the research method used to determine feasibility, cost performance and increased mine productivity and safety. The study achieved a resistance peak of 1.6 MPa, reduced dilution of the ore, and increased pillar stability.

Sublevel stoping, cemented rock fill, backfill system, backfill strength, underground mining

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040087

REFERENCES
1. Qi, C. and Fourie, A., Cemented Paste Backfill for Mineral Waste Rock Management: Review and Future Perspectives, Miner. Eng., 2019, vol. 144, 106025.
2. Dudeney, A.W.L., Chan, B.K.C., Bouzalakos, S., and Huisman, J.L., Management of Waste and Wastewater from Mineral Industry Processes, Especially Leaching of Sulphide Resources: State of the Art, Int. J. Miner., Reclam. Environ., 2013, vol. 27, pp. 2–37.
3. Sun, W., Wang, H., and Hou, K., Control of Waste Rock-Tailings Paste Backfill for Active Mining Subsidence Areas, J. Clean. Prod., 2018, vol. 171, pp. 567–579.
4. Singh, P., Ghosh, C.N., Behera, S.K., Mishra, K., Kumar, D., Buragohain, J., and Mandal, P.K., Optimization of Binder Alternative for Cemented Paste Fill in Underground Metal Mines, Arab. J. Geosci., 2019, vol. 12, p. 462.
5. Raffaldi, M.J., Seymour, J.B., Richardson, J., Zahl, E., and Board, M., Cemented Paste Backfill Geomechanics at a Narrow-Vein Underhand Cut-and-Fill Mine, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 2019, vol. 52, pp. 4925–4940.
6. Karim, R., Simangunsong, G.M., Sulistianto, B., and Lopulalan, A., Stability Analysis of Paste Fill as Stope Wall Using Analytical Method and Numerical Modeling in the Kencana Underground Gold Mining with Long Hole Stope Method, Procedia Earth Planet Sci., 2013, vol. 6, pp. 474–484.
7. Guo, J., Xing, Ding, K., and Jian, Y., Study on Compaction Characteristics of Paste Backfilling and Its Application, Geotech. Geoleng., 2019, vol. 37, pp. 1185–1194.
8. Sivakugan, N., Veenstra, R., and Naguleswaran, N., Underground Mine Backfilling in Australia Using Paste Fills and Hydraulic Fills, Int. J. Geosynth. Gr. Eng., 2015, vol. 1, pp. 1–7.
9. Wu, J., Feng, M., Mao, X., Xu, J., Zhang, W., Ni, X., Ni, X., and Han, G., Particle Size Distribution of Aggregate Effects on Mechanical and Structural Properties of Cemented Rockfill: Experiments and Modeling, Constr. Build. Mater., 2018, vol. 193, pp. 295–311.
10. Cabrera Laura, J., Aspectos Geotecnicos del Relave Cementado en la Aplicacion del Metodo Minado Sublevel Stoping, SRK Consult., 2017.
11. Stone, D., Factors that Affect Cemented Rockfill Quality in Nevada Mines, Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Min. Backfill, Montreal, Canada, 2007.
12. Sainsbury, D. and Sainsbury, B., Design and Implementation of Cemented Rockfill at the Ballarat Gold Project, Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Min. Backfill, 2014.
13. Mitchell, R.J., Olsen, R.S., and Smith, J.D., Model Studies on Cemented Waste Rock Used in Mine Backfill, Can. Geotech. J., 1982, vol. 19, pp. 14–28.
14. Belem, T. and Benzaazoua, M., Design and Application of Underground Mine Paste Backfill Technology, Geotech. Geol. Eng., 2008, vol. 26, pp. 147–174.
15. Doerner, C.A.C., Effect of Delayed Backfill on Open Stope Mining Methods, 2005.
16. Swan, G. and Brummer, R., Backfill Design for Deep, Underhand Drift-and-Fill Mining, Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Min. with Backfill, Seattle, Washington, 2001.
17. Cadorin, L., Carissimi, E., and Rubio, J., Avances en el Tratamiento de Aguas Acidas de Minas, Av. en el Trat. Aguas Acidas Minas., Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, 2007.

SCIENCE OF MINING MACHINES

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SLIDE THROTTLE VALVE DYNAMICS
L. V. Gorodilov* and V. G. Kudryavtsev

Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: gor@misd.ru

The authors analyze the control circuit of the work process-related parameters of a hydraulic impactor with the piston retention before the back stroke phase. Retention is implemented via the throttle control of pressure in the hydraulic cell of the slide valve. The physical model of such hydraulic impactor is tested, and its energy characteristics are determined. The tests included re-tuning of throttles and slide homing spring, and variation in fluid flow rate. The article presents oscillograms of the hydraulic impactor dynamics and the slide performance versus throttle parameters, fluid flow rate and the spring pre-tension. The curves of the hydraulic impactor energy, retention pressure and fluid flow rate illustrate the energy adjustability using the proposed performance control circuit. The oscillograms of the slide motion during its work cycle are plotted, the features and shortages of the process are determined. The proposed design of the throttle valve provides the steady-state performance of hydraulic impactors.

Hydraulic impactor, distribution pattern, throttle valving, impact frequency and energy, adaptive machine

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040099

REFERENCES
1. Gorodilov, L.V., and Kudryavtsev, V.G., Hydraulic Impactor Control Methods and Charts, Journal of Mining Science, 2022, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 52–64.
2. Ye, X., Miao, X., and Cen, Y., Modeling and Simulation for Hydraulic Breaker Based on Screw-In Cartridge Valves, Appl. Mech. Mater., 2012, vol. 229–231, pp. 1697–1701.
3. Ding, W.S., Wang, J.J., and Chen, L.N., Electronic Control Hydraulic Impactor Based on Pressure Feedback, Int. Conf. Mech. Autom. Control Eng. MACE 2010, 2010, no. 50775075, pp. 2716–2719.
4. Yang, G., Ding, C., Liang, C., and Wang, L., Research on Intelligent Hydraulic Impactor, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Meas. Technol. Mechatronics Autom. ICMTMA 2011, 2011, vol. 3, pp. 3–6.
5. Yang, G. and Ding, C., Research on Intelligent Hydraulic Impactor System Based on Fuzzy Control, 2nd Int. Conf. Adv. Comput. Control., 2010, pp. 418–422.
6. Chen, J.S., Mechanical and Electrical Control of Hydraulic Impactor, Adv. Mater. Res., 2012, vol. 507, pp. 167–171.
7. Yu, H. and Tang, J., The Application of Fuzzy Control in Intelligent Hydraulic Impactor, Int. J. Adv. Comp. Tech., 2012, vol. 4, no. 22, pp. 1–9.
8. Yang, G. and Liang, C., Research on the New Hydraulic Impactor Control System, Int. Conf. Meas. Technol. Mechatronics Autom. ICMTMA 2010, 2010, vol. 3, pp. 207–210.
9. Yang, G.P., Gao, J.H., and Chen, B.J., Computer Simulation of Controlled Hydraulic Impactor System, Adv. Mater. Res. (Materials Sci. Eng.), 2011, vol. 179–180, pp. 122–127.
10. Yang, G. And Chen, Y., The Research of New Type Hydraulic Breaker with Strike Energy and Frequency of Adjusted, Mech. Eng. Res., 2012, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 45–51.
11. Yang, G., Yubao, C., and Bo, C., Dynamic Performance Research on Reversing Valve of Hydraulic Breaker, World J. Mech., 2012, vol. 2, pp. 288–296.
12. Zhao, H., Liu, P., Shu, M., and Wen, G., Simulation and Optimization of a New Hydraulic Impactor, Appl. Mech. Mater., 2012, vol. 120, pp. 3–10.
13. Wang, X.Y., Modeling and Simulation of Impactor of Hydraulic Roofbolter Based on AMESim, Appl. Mech. Mater., 2014, vol. 448–453, pp. 3426–3429.
14. Lazutkin, S.L. and Lazutkina, N.A., Advanced Design of Hydraulic Impactor, Vestn. PermGTU. Mashinostr. Materialoved., 2011, no. 3, pp. 5–11.
15. Fabrichny, D.Yu., Tolengutova, M.M, and Fabrichny, Yu.F., Automated Loading Control for Hydraulic Impactors, Mashinostr. Bezop. Zhiznedeyat., 2013, no. 4, pp. 72–77.
16. Robotizirovannye kar’ery i shakhty: budushchee promyshlennosti (Robotic Opencast and Underground Mines: Future of the Industry). Available at: https://www.popmech.ru/vehicles/10522-nechelovecheskiy-faktor-roboty.
17. Mel’nikov, N.N., Role of the Arctic Region in the Innovation-Driven Economic Development of Russia, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2015, no. 7, pp. 24–27.
18. Gorodilov, L.V., Analysis of the Dynamics of Two-Way Hydropercussion Systems. Part II: Influence of Design Factors and Their Interaction with Rocks, Journal of Mining Science, 2013, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 465–474.
19. Gorodilov, L.V., Kudryavtsev, V.G., and Pashina, O.A., Experimental Research Stand and Procedure for Hydraulic Percussion Systems, Journal of Mining Science, 2011, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 778–786.
20. Gorodilov, L.V., Korovin, A.N., Kudryavtsev, V.G., and Pershin, A.I., Structural Layout and Parameters of Hydroimpactors for End Effectors of Mining Machines, Journal of Mining Science, 2023, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 82–90.
21. Nekrasov, B.B., Fateev, I.V., Belenkov, Yu.A., Mikhailin, A.A., Suzdal’tsev, V.I., and Sheipak, A.A., Zadachnik po Gidravlike, Gidromashinam i Gidroprivodu (Book on Problems on Hydraulics, Hydraulic Mashins and Hydraulic Drives), Moscow: Vyssh. shkola, 1989.

CONTINUOUS-ACTION MULTIPLIER ENGINEERING
Yu. M. Lekontsev, P. V. Sazhin*, B. L. Gerike, A. V. Novik, and Yu. B. Mezentsev

Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: pavel301080@mail.ru
Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kemerovo, 650065 Russia
Avtostroikomplekt LLC, Novosibirsk, 630008 Russia
Industrial Metallurgical Holding—Coal, Kemerovo, 650021 Russia

The authors discuss the issue of engineering a special gear to change the power fluid pressure in hydraulic fracturing of strong rocks. The article describes the operation of the gear on the basis of implemented laboratory tests, and proposes the ways of eliminating deficiencies. The size and shape of choke grooves for the careful switching of the control valve subject to the power fluid flow rate are determined. The hydraulic circuit of the jet-control slide-type valve is developed. It allows improved accuracy and precision of the valve switching.

Multiplier, hydraulic fracturing, distribution, cylinder, throttle, valve

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040105

REFERENCES
1. Laptev, Yu.N., Glukhov, V.U., Yakimenko, Ya.Ya., and Teterin, G.A., Gidrosistemy vysokikh davlenii (High-Pressure Hydraulic Systems), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1973.
2. Malitsky, I.F., Ostrenko, B.S., and Markushenko, T.V., USSR author’s certificate no. 1643812, Byull. Izobret., 1991, no. 15.
3. Gritsenko, V.D., Shevtsov, A.P., Lachugin, I.G., Chernichenko, V.V., Chagin, S.B., and Ryabtsev, A.V., RF patent no. 2637162, Byull. Izobret., 2017, no. 34.
4. Lekontsev, Yu.M., Sazhin, P.V., and Novik, A.V., RF patent no. 2750677, Byull. Izobret., 2021, no. 19.
5. Bashta, T.M., Gidravlika, gidromashiny i gidroprivody (Hydraulics, Hydraulic Machines and Hydraulic Drives), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1982.
6. Skhirtladze, A.G., Ivanov, V.I., Kareev, V.N., et al., Gidravlika v mashinostroenii: uchebnik dlya vuzov (Hydraulics in Machine Engineering: University Textbook), Stary Oskol: TNT, 2008.
7. Bashta, T.M., Gidravlika, gidromashiny i gidroprivody (Hydraulics, Hydraulic Machines and Hydraulic Drives), Moscow: ID Alyans, 2010.
8. Levkovsky, Yu.L. and Chalov, A.V., Effect of Flow Turbulence on Initiation and Growth of Cavitation, Akust. Zh., 1978, no. 24, issue 2, pp. 221–227.
9. Idel’chik, I.E., Spravochnik po gidravlicheskim soprotivleniyam (Handbook on Hydraulic Resistances), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1992.
10. Kiselev, P.G., Spravochnik po gidravlicheskim raschetam (Handbook on Hydraulic Designs), Moscow: Energiya, 1972.
11. Vikharev, A.N., and Dolgova, I.I., Gidravlika. Rezhimy dvizheniya, uravneniya Bernulli, poteri napora, kanaly: uchebnoe posobie (Hydraulics. Modes of Motions, Bernoulli Equations, Pressure Losses, Channels: Educational Aid), Arkhangelsk: AGTU, 2001.
12. Gidravlicheskii raschet ob’emnogo gidroprivoda s vozvratno-postupatel’nym dvizheniem vykhodnogo zvena (Hydraulic Design of Hydrostatic Drive with Shuttling Output Member), Moscow–Tambov: GOU VPOTGTU, 2010.

MINING THERMOPHYSICS

PHASE TRANSITIONS IN SALINE PORE WATER IN ARTIFICIAL GROUND FREEZING
M. A. Semin* and S. A. Bublik

Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614007 Russia
*e-mail: seminma@inbox.ru

The influence of phase transitions in moist and salt-containing soil on freezing process is analyzed. The effects connected with the crystallization heat of pore water under negative temperatures and with the crystallization heat of salt when the eutectic point is reached are discussed. The conclusions on reachability of the eutectic point in artificially frozen strata above saline are drawn. Using a mathematical mode of heat processes in artificially frozen clay containing the common salt solution, the influence of the offset of the eutectic point on the temperature field in the frozen ground is analyzed.

Artificial ground freezing, salina, pore water salinity, eutectic point, hidden crystallization heat, numerical modeling

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040117

REFERENCES
1. Levin, L.Y., Semin, M.A., and Parshakov, O.S., Improving Methods of Frozen Wall State Prediction for Mine Shafts under Construction Using Distributed Temperature Measurements in Test Wells, J. Min. Institute, 2019, vol. 237, pp. 268–274.
2. Baryakh, A.A., Smirnov, E.V., Kvitkin, S.Yu., and Tenison, L.O., Potash Industry in Russia: Challenges of Safe and Efficient Subsoil Use, Gorn. Prom., 2022, no. 1, pp. 41–50.
3. Ol’khovikov, Yu.P., Krep’ kapital’nykh vyrabotok kaliinykh i solyanykh rudnikov (Mine Support in Permanent Roadways in Potash and Salt Mines), Moscow: Nedra, 1984.
4. Yong, R.N., Cheung, C.H., and Sheeran, D.E., Prediction of Salt Influence on Unfrozen Water Content in Frozen Soils, Developments Geotech. Eng., 1979, vol. 26, pp. 137–155.
5. Bing, H. and Ma, W., Laboratory Investigation of the Freezing Point of Saline Soil, Cold Regions Sci. Technol., 2011, vol. 67, no. 1–2, pp. 79–88.
6. Banin, A. and Anderson, D.M., Effects of Salt Concentration Changes During Freezing on the Unfrozen Water Content of Porous Materials, Water Resources Res., 1974, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 124–128.
7. Qin, B., Rui, D., Ji, M., Chen, X., and Wang, S., Research on Influences of Groundwater Salinity and Flow Velocity on Artificial Frozen Wall, Transportation Geotech., 2022, vol. 34, 100739.
8. Semin, M.A., Levin, L.Yu., Zhelnin, M.S., and Plekhov, O.A., Modeling of Artificial Ground Freezing under Conditions of Nonuniform Mineralization of Pore Water in Rocks, Teplofiz. Vys. Temp., 2022, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 434–442.
9. Rouabhi, A., Jahangir, E., and Tounsi, H., Modeling Heat and Mass Transfer During Ground Freezing Taking into Account the Salinity of the Saturating Fluid, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2018, vol. 120, pp. 523–533.
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MINERAL DRESSING

THE LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA EFFECT OF DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PROCESS PROPERTIES OF NATURAL IRON SULFIDES
V. A. Chanturia, I. Zh. Bunin, and M. V. Ryazantseva*

Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Development of Mineral Resources—IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: ryazanceva@mail.ru

The authors describe the integrated studies into the influence exerted by nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma of dielectric barrier discharge in air under normal conditions and pressure on the acid-base, adsorption and flotation properties of natural iron sulfides (pyrite and arsenopyrite). The studies aimed to correlate the plasmachemical treatment parameters with the physicochemical and process properties of sulfide minerals. Using the Hammet indicator method, it is found that plasma treatment strengthens acceptor properties and weakens electron donor properties of pyrite surface, as well as weakens acceptor properties of arsenopyrite. Adsorptive properties of pyrite relative to the electron-donor butyl xanthate grow, and, as a consequence, flotation activity of the mineral improves. In case of arsenopyrite, the adsorptive properties and flotation activity decrease. It is shown that the low-temperature plasma pretreatment of minerals reduces arsenic yield in flotation froth by 10–11% at the reduced arsenic content of concentrate by 0.71–0.78%.

Pyrite, arsenopyrite, low-temperature plasma, dielectric barrier discharge, surface, acid-base properties, adsorption, flotation

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040129

REFERENCES
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EFFECT OF COLLECTOR PHYSISORPTION ON FLOTATION OF GALENA WITH XANTHATE AND PB2+
S. A. Kondrat’ev* and I. A. Konovalov

Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia *e-mail: kondr@misd.ru

The authors propose the galena flotation mechanism based on the joint work of chemisorbed collector and physisorbed lead xanthate in molecular form. It is proved experimentally that the products of interaction between xanthate and lead ions possess surface activity dependent on the concentration ratio and on solution pH. In alkaline range, they spread over the gas–water interface and can remove water from the interlayer between a mineral particle and a gas bubble. In sub-acid medium and at the increased mole ratio of lead ions to xanthate anions, the spreading velocity of the interaction products decreases. The physisorption mechanism of the collector has disclosed the causes of high floatability of galena in the alkaline range of pH and the decreased floatability in the sub-acid domain.

Flotation, galena, physisorbed collector, lead xanthate, pH, collector spreading velocity

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040130

EFERENCES
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28. Kondrat’ev, S.А., Selecting Collecting Agents for Flotation, J. Min. Sci., 2022, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 796–811.
29. Paiva, P.R.P., Monte, M.B.M., Simao, R.A., and Gaspar, J.C., In Situ AFM Study of Potassium Oleate Adsorption and Calcium Precipitate Formation on an Apatite Surface, Miner. Eng., 2011, vol. 24, pp. 387–395.
30. Mielczarski, J.A., Cases, J.M., Bouquet, E., Barres, O., and Delon, J.F., Nature and Structure of Adsorption Layer on Apatite Contacted with Oleate Solution. 1. Adsorption and Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection Studies, Langmuir, 1993, vol. 9, pp. 2370–2382.

SURFACE TENSION OF A SOLUTION OF COLLECTORS AS A PERFORMANCE MEASURE OF THEIR PHYSISORPTION
S. A. Kondrat’ev

Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: kondr@misd.ru

The causes of coincidence between pH of a solution of collectors, at which the maximal recovery of a target component is reached, and pH of the solution with minimal surface tension are discussed. Based on the physisorption mechanism of a collector, the floatability connection with the surface tension of the solution is explained. It is shown that extraction of ion–molecular associates from the solution and the presumptive increase in the mineral surface hydrophobicity are not an explanation of the increased recovery. The floatability improvement is achieved via removal of the kinetic constraint of the flotation contact by surface-active species of collectors. The increase in the collecting activity of a blend of collectors is explained by the synergetic effect of the decreased surface tension and reduced induction time. The criterion of flotation activity of a physisorbable collector is proposed.

Flotation, collector physisorption, flotation activity criterion

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040142

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11. Mielczarski, J.A., Cases, J.M., Bouquet, E., Barres, O., and Delon, J.F., Nature and Structure of Adsorption Layer on Apatite Contacted with Oleate Solution. 1. Adsorption and Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection, Langmuir, 1993, vol. 9, pp. 2370–2382.
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PREDICTION OF MAGNETIC HYDROCYCLONAGE PERFORMANCE IN SUSPENSIONS
A. A. Lavrinenko* and P. A. Sysa

Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Development of Mineral Resources—IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: lavrin_a@mail.ru

A new device designed for wet magnetic separation—magnetic hydrocyclone—allows separating magnetic fraction from a fast and curved flow of pulp. The advantages of the magnetic hydrocyclone are the high specific output and the design simplicity which governs reliability of the device. The pattern of calculation of the magnetic hydrocyclonage performance represents an estimation of separability of magnetic fraction depending on the device geometry, variation in the magnetic field parameters, flow velocity and the physical parameters of the particles. The processing performance from calculations is compared with the results of the magnetic hydrocyclone testing. The proposed device is recommended to be included in the processing flow chart for ferruginous quartzite and other types of ore with the pronounced magnetic properties. Inclusion a magnetic system allowing higher magnetic induction up to 5–10 T in the flow chart makes it possible to extract weakly magnetic minerals.

Magnetic hydrocyclone, separation selectivity, magnetic fraction, iron ore processing, magnetic force, centrifugal force, iron content

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040154

REFERENCES
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MASS TRANSFER IN UPWARD PERCOLATION OF WATER SOLUTIONS IN TAILINGS
A. G. Mikhailov*, I. I. Vashlaev, E. N. Merkulova, N. F. Usmanova, and A. E. Zuev

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
*e-mail: mag@icct.ru

The article describes the experiment on the upward percolating mass transfer by water solution according to the natural mechanism of movement of solutions toward ground surface with water evaporation in atmosphere. Useful components settle out from the solutions and concentrate on the evaporation barrier. The experiment simulates a complete cycle of processes for flotation tailings of complex ore: feed of solutions in boreholes from surface to bottom of a tailings body; spreading of the solutions in the tailings body; capillary ascent to the surface; settling out and concentration of useful salts on the evaporation barrier. The usability of this approach and some parameters of the mass transfer process can be found from the relevant research.

Filtration, geochemical phase composition, water solution, fluid

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040166

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FEATURES OF ORE DISINTEGRATION IN DRY-MILLING CENTRIFUGAL BREAKING MACHINE OF A NEW DESIGN
A. I. Matveev* and V. R. Vinokurov**

Chersky Institute of Mining of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), 677007 Russia
*e-mail: Andrei.mati@yandex.ru
**e-mail: vaviro@mail.ru

Using a laboratory model of a vertical centrifugal breaking machine, the milling efficiency of ore having different Mohs hardnesses is found. The rational structural and operating parameters of the breaking machine are determined for such ore materials. The data are included in the project documentation development for manufacturing a pilot vertical centrifugal breaking machine VTSI-12.

Fracture, breaking machine, operative parts, hardness, particles, grain size composition, efficiency

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040178

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DETERMINING MODES OF THIOL COLLECTOR ATTACHMENT AT SULFIDE MINERALS BY OPTICAL, ELECTRON SCANNING AND LASER MICROSCOPY
T. N. Matveeva*, V. A. Minaev, and N. K. Gromova

Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Development of Mineral Resources—IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: tmatveyeva@mail.ru

The optical, electron scanning and laser microscopy methods produced new experimental data on the adsorption layer generated by the chelating agent MDTC and hogweed extract on the surface of sulfide minerals in composition of complex ore. It is found that MDTC selectively attaches to chalcopyrite and forms a stable and water-insoluble compound with copper, which uniformly covers the whole surface of the mineral. It is determined for the first time that at the surface of pyrite, intense formation of dark-brown crystals of MDTC oxidation products takes place—dimorpholinethiuram disulfide which is chemically adsorbed at the mineral and is resistant to multiple washing-off in water. Morpholine dithiocarbamate does not interact with the surface of arsenopyrite and scheelite, and does not form stable phases with the components of these minerals. Hogweed extract does not desorb MDTC and is observed on the pre-adsorbed collector in the form of a fine bluish film washable off with water. At arsenopyrite and scheelite, a few separate and fine spots of hogweed are found.

Sulfide minerals, optical / electron / laser microscopy, morpholine dithiocarbamate, hogweed extract

DOI: 10.1134/S106273912304018X

REFERENCES
1. Chanturiya, V.A. and Kondratiev, S.A., Contemporary Understanding and Developments in the Flotation Theory of Nonferrous Ores, Miner. Proc. Extr. Metall. Rev., 2019, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 390–401.
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FLOTATION APPLICATION OF CATIONIC AND MIXED ANIONIC COLLECTORS IN HANZHONG QUARTZ ORE
Jun-Zhe Bai, Da-Wei Luo *, Yu Zhang, and Di Wu

Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059 Sichuan, P.R. China
*e-mail: luodawei2013@cdut.cn

This paper studies the effect of using cationic/mixed anionic collectors in the practical application of quartz sand flotation. The combined use of Dodecylamine(DDA)/sodium oleate(NaOL)/sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS) is the innovative point of this paper. This experiment used quartz sand from Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, China. The results showed that the combined use of DDA, NaOL and SDS was better than the single use. Using DDA/NaOL/SDS mixed collector, the removal efficiency of Al2O3 can reach 75.1%, compared with DDA/NaOL mixed collector, the purification effect of Al2O3 can be increased by 11.1%. Compared with DDA/SDS mixed collector, the use of this mixed collector can greatly improve the purification effect and recovery rate. And the quartz concentrate has a good recovery rate in practical application.

Mineral purification, quartz, flotation, flotation collector

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040191

REFERENCES
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MINING ECOLOGY AND SUBSOIL MANAGEMENT

APSAT COAL MODIFICATION TO PRODUCE HIGH-QUALITY CARBON ADSORBENTS
K. K. Razmakhnin*, I. S. Kuroshev, and I. B. Razmakhnina

Chita Division—Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Chita, 672032 Russia
*e-mail: igdranchita@mail.ru
Environmental Industrial Policy Center,
Moscow, 115054 Russia

A brief description of coal resources in Transbaikalia is given. The issues of thermal and hydrochemical modification of coal from Apsat deposit are discussed. The usability of carbonization, gas–steam activation and alkaline treatment of low-caking coal for the improvement of coal adsorption capacity is determined. The proposed technology of Apsat coal preparation and dressing includes crushing, screening, carbonization and steam activation. The characteristics of the initial and treated coal are presented. The main physicochemical properties of the produced carbon adsorbents are determined. The coal modification parameters are identified. The computer-aided modeling of activated carbon adsorbents based on the quantum–chemical interaction of particles is described. The application areas of high-quality adsorbents in mining waste treatment are specified.

Coal, Apsat deposit, pretreatment, thermal modification, carbonization, hydrochemical modification, gas–steam activation, alkali, adsorption capacity, application prospects

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123040208

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INVERSION OF SUBSIDENCE PARAMETERS AND PREDICTION OF SURFACE DYNAMICS UNDER INSUFFICIENT MINING
Hu Li*, Jie Zheng**, Lian Xue, Xue Zhao, Xiuqiang Lei, and Xue Gong

Sichuan Institute of Geological Engineering Investigation Group Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610032 China
*e-mail: lhsccd@outlook.com
**e-mail: zhengjie9510@qq.com
Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610081 China
Technology Innovation Center for Risk Prevention and Mitigation of Geohazard, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, 611734 China
Observation and Research Station of Chengdu Geological Hazards, Ministry of Natural Resources,
Chengdu, 610000 China

By combining the advantages of InSAR, Probabilistic Integral Method and Genetic Algorithm, an improved method for dynamic prediction of probability integral parameters is proposed to realize subsidence inversion and prediction in insufficient mining. Firstly, InSAR is used to obtain the time series information of surface deformation in goaf. Then, a genetic algorithm-based parameter inversion model is constructed to invert the subsidence parameters such as subsidence coefficient and influence radius. After that, a dynamic prediction function is established to obtain the complete surface subsidence pattern and dynamic change trend of the mining area. Taking a goaf in Shanxi Province as the experimental object, Sentinel-1A(S-1A) image as the data source, combined with PIM and InSAR data, the parameter inversion model is used to successfully obtain the dynamic change process of mining subsidence parameters. The results show that the dynamic prediction function can achieve a certain effect on surface prediction in insufficient mining, and the parameter inversion model based on genetic algorithm has a high inversion accuracy, which provides a basis for surface prediction in insufficient mining.

InSAR, Probabilistic Integration Method, Genetic Algorithm, insufficient mining, parameter inversion

DOI: 10.1134/S106273912304021X

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