JMS, Vol. 59, No. 6, 2023
GEOMECHANICS
OPEN PIT MINE SLOPE STABILITY: METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
V. L. Yakovlev*, A. V. Yakovlev**, and E. S. Shimkiv
Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Yekaterinburg, 620075 Russia
*e-mail: direct@igduran.ru
**e-mail: lubk_igd@mail.ru
The article describes the development stages of an adequate regulatory structure for the slope stability in open pit mines. Some supplementary factors that have influence on stability of slopes in open pit mines in the gravity–tectonic stress field are discussed. The main trends of research of pitwall rock mass in operating surface mines are presented, and the necessity of determining the tectonic stresses in pitwall rock mass and taking into account their impact on slope stability is emphasized. The algorithm is developed for justifying slope parameters for open pit mines under tectonic stresses, the drilling-and-blasting principles are formulated for the operation in pitwall rock mass, and the methods are proposed to mitigate the blasting-induced impact on adjacent rocks.
Open pit mine, pitwall, bench, tectonic stresses, stress–strain behavior, structure, cracks, stability, drilling and blasting
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060017
REFERENCES
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THE APPLICATION OF SHORTWAVE BAND GPR IN INVESTIGATION OF SURROUNDING ROCK-AND-LINING INTERFACE
V. N. Oparin, E. V. Denisova*, A. P. Khmelinin, K. O. Sokolov**, and A. I. Konurin
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: slimthing@mail.ru
Chersky Institute of Mining of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Yakutsk, 677980 Russia
**e-mail: k.sokolov@ro.ru
The Ground Penetrating Radar method is used to study a three-layered model of the surrounding rock–void–lining interface with regard to variation in the void thickness and in the electromagnetic properties of the void filler. The numerical modeling uses the method of finite differences in the time domain. The numerical modeling data are compared with the results of the physical simulation implemented using SIR-3000 GPR with the Model 52600 antenna having the working frequency of 2.6 GHz (S-band). It is found that the size of the void behind concrete lining and the electromagnetic properties of a material filling the void have influence on the accuracy of ranging to the lower boundary of the void and to the discontinuity in the form of a steel bolt located immediately behind the void in surrounding rock mass.
Concrete lining, void, interface, GPR, method of finite differences in time domain, numerical model, electromagnetic properties, radarogram
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060029
REFERENCES
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THERMAL STRESS STATE IN THE VICINITY OF UNDERGROUND ROADWAYS
V. M. Seryakov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: vser@misd.ru
The article addresses the problem on thermal stresses and stress–strain behavior of rock mass during deep-level mining. The author proposes an approach to determining the stationary field of temperatures in the zone of mining with cemented paste backfill with single formation of stiffness matrix in the calculation. It is found that inclusion of the temperature change depthward rock mass in the analysis results in the increase in the initial horizontal stresses while the initial vertical stresses remain unaltered. The calculation method of stress redistribution in the course of mining with backfill, with the same stiffness matrix used at all calculation stages, is modified for taking into account the thermal stresses. The calculation of the thermal stress state of surrounding rocks and backfill is carried out for a case of mining with backfill in a gently dipping ore body.
Mineral deposit, great depth, rocks, temperature, stress state, mined-out stope, backfill, mining sequence, calculations, initial stress state, stiffness matrix, mining stages
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060030
REFERENCES
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DETERMINING TIME-TO-FAILURE IN ROCKS USING LONG-TERM STRENGTH CRITERION
A. M. Kovrizhnykh*, V. D. Baryshnikov**, and A. P. Khmelinin***
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: amkovr@mail.ru
**e-mail: v-baryshnikov@yandex.ru
***e-mail: hmelinin@misd.ru
The mathematical modeling of creep and long-term strength of rocks uses the non-associated flow rule. The authors propose a unified approach to the plasticity and creep processes. The theoretical calculations are compared with the testing data of different materials. In creep deformation in rocks, the applied problems on limit state of rock mass in plain strain are considered: pressure applied by a solid die block with flat bottom on rock mass limited by a horizontal plane and occupying the bottom part of a half-space; instability of pit wall or natural slope under different loads. These problems evaluate stresses in the limit state zones and the times-to-failure in rocks mass with regard to internal friction.
Rock mass creep, long-term strength, limit shear deformation, dilatancy, time-to-failure
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060042
REFERENCES
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RECONSTRUCTION OF PALEOSTRESSES IN THE WEST OF SAKHALIN FROM TECTONOPHYSICAL RESEARCH FINDINGS
P. A. Kamenev* and A. V. Marinin
Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 693022 Russia
*e-mail: p.kamenev@imgg.ru
Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, 123422 Russia
The article discusses tectonic stresses determined in the West Sakhalin terrain using different tectonophysical methods. The reconstruction of the stress field in coal fields in Sakhalin is implemented using the graphical method of orientation finding of stress axes in fractures and faults (at 16 observation points). The supplementary on-site tectonophysical studies made it possible to estimate the preferred orientation of the main slickensides of different kinematics and to reconstruct on this basis the local stress tensors at 53 observation points. The typical stress state of the West Sakhalin terrain is horizontal tension.
Tectonic stresses, slickensides, jointing, coal fields of Sakhalin, West Sakhalin terrain, geomechanics
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060054
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NUMERICAL MODELING OF STRESS–STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF ROCK MASS IN THE COURSE OF MINING OF LOWER STRATA IN A SERIES
S. V. Rib, O. A. Petrova, A. M. Nikitina, V. A. Boloshin, and V. N. Fryanov*
Siberian State Industrial University,
Novokuznetsk, 654007 Russia
*e-mail: fryanov@sibsiu.ru
The features of mining of a coal series are described. The stress–strain behavior of rock mass during mining of the lower strata in the series is assessed with regard to the influence of coal pillars and upper level roadways. Different variants of location of a temporary roadway on the lower stratum in a series protected by a pillar are discussed. The implemented prediction of the stress–strain behavior of rock mass is adapted to the conditions of mines in the south of Kuzbass. This prediction is used to select the geomechanically safest variant of location of the temporary roadway.
Coal seam, series, stresses, displacements, increased rock pressure zone, rock mass, roadway, residual strength, pillar
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060066
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SUBSIDENCE ANALYSIS FOR OLD ABANDONED BOARD AND PILLAR COAL MINES USING ANSYS AND MONTE CARLO SIMULATION
Akhil Avchar, Samir Kumar Pal**, Anup Kumar Tripathi*, and Gyandeep Kumar***
Department of Mining Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Karnataka, India
*e-mail: anuptripathi@nitk.edu.in
Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,
West Bengal State, India
**e-mail: pal.samir09@gmail.com
***e-mail: gyandeep.iitkgpgmail.com
Mine Subsidence is a phenomenon of lateral or vertical ground movement caused by a failure initiated at the mine level of man-made underground mines and an abandoned mine is a site where mining activities occurred but acceptable mine closure and reclamation did not take place or was incomplete. Subsidence is one of the major problems which is faced over an old abandoned mine. Presently there are limited means or methods which can predict subsidence over an old abandoned coal mine at a shallow depth efficiently and the precautionary methods that should be taken in these situations. This research paper will cover the possible causes which can lead to subsidence above an old abandoned board and pillar coal mines at a shallow depth. The research includes the calculation of the factor of safety for pillars and analysis of FoS using ANSYS and Monte Carlo Simulations for ascertaining subsidence. An old abandoned coal mine of South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. (SECL, a subsidiary of Coal India Limited), was considered for the study of coal pillar fatigue and eventual crushing of pillars over a long duration of time, simulation analysis of stress and strength of coal pillars over a long period, change in behavior of factor of safety as the dimension of the pillars changes.
Subsidence, board and pillar coal mines, factor of safety, Monte Carlo simulation, ANSYS analysis, pillar strength
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060078
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ROCK FRACTURE
PERMEABILITY OF COAL CORES WITH A DRAINAGE FRACTURE WITH A MONOLAYER OF PROPPANT
T. V. Shilova*, S. V. Serdyukov, and L. A. Rybalkin
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: shilovatanya@yandex.ru
The article describes the studies on permeability of coal cores with a through drainage fracture with and without a monolayer of a proppant. The experimental procedure is descried. The parameters of the jointed structure of test long-flame coal are given. The efficiency of wedging drainage fractures by a sparse proppant monolayer in building up permeability of deep-seated coal is demonstrated.
Coal, core, cleavage, jointed structure, permeation test, permeability, rock pressure, drainage fracture, fracture compressibility, proppant, sparse monolayer
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912306008X
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MINING THERMOPHYSICS
OXIDIZABILITY AND SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF NATIVE AND WATER-BEARING ORE AND ROCKS
A. A. Eremenko*, T. P. Darbinyan**, Yu. N. Shaposhnik, V. A. Portola***, and P. A. Tsoi
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: eremenko@ngs.ru
Norilsk Nickel, Norilsk, 663302 Russia
**e-mail: DarbinyanTP@nornik.ru
Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University,
Kemerovo, 650000 Russia
***e-mail: portola2@yandex.ru
The article describes determination of oxidizability and spontaneous combustion of ore and rocks as a case-study of the Oktyabrsky deposit. The rate of oxidation of sulfide ore increases after watering. The authors present the studies on sensitivity of ore and enclosing rocks to spontaneous combustion, as well as on gas emission in isothermal conditions and in heating. It is found that sulfide ore, hornfels and gabbro-dolerite are sensitive to spontaneous combustion.
Mineral deposit, ore, rocks, flooding, spontaneous combustion, oxidizability, absorption
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060091
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MINERAL DRESSING
SECONDARY PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SAPONITE-BEARING PROCESS WATER: THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION
V. A. Chanturia and V. G. Minenko*
Academician Melnikov Research Institute for Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail:vladi200@mail.ru
The authors provide the theoretical and experimental justification for the effective methods of modification of saponite—pillaring and thermal treatment—which ensure production of sorbents possessing high cation exchange capacity relative to cations of heavy metals. The mechanism of pillaring and thermal modification of a saponite-containing product at the temperature of 625 °С involves expansion of layers of the mineral, formation of additional acid or redox sites (pillaring) and restructuring with generation of metastable phases (thermal treatment). Modification of saponite increases static exchange capacity relative to copper cations by 2 times after pillaring and by 2.6 times after thermal treatment.
Process water, purification, modified saponite, sorbent, static exchange capacity, heavy metals
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060108
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STIMULATION OF FLOTATION SELECTIVITY USING PHYSISORPTION MECHANISM OF COLLECTORS
S. A. Kondrat’ev*, I. A. Konovalov, and T. G. Gavrilova
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia *e-mail: kondr@misd.ru
The main mechanisms of flotation activation by ions of metals are discussed and critically analyzed. It is shown that ions of metals can be both activators and depressants of flotation. Based on the mechanism of physisorption, it is revealed when metals act as activators and depressants. A method is proposed to stimulate selectivity of extraction of a target mineral in case of undesirable activation of flotation of associate components. The studies can be useful in selection of metal–activator, ratio of concentrations of activator and collector and pH of flotation system.
Flotation, metal ions, extraction, physisorption, surface activity
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912306011X
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PREPARABILITY OF IRON ORE FROM YAKOVLEVO DEPOSIT, KURSK MAGNETIC ANOMALY, USING COARSE PARTICLE SEPARATION METHODS
D. N. Shibaeva* and A. A. Kompanchenko**
Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Apatity, 184209 Russia
*e-mail: shibaeva_goi@mail.ru
Geological Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Apatity, 184209 Russia
**e-mail: komp-aleba@yandex.ru
The article presents evaluation of preparability of iron ore from Yakovlevo deposit, Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, using magnetic, gravity and X-ray radiometric methods of coarse particle separation. The detailed study involved a material with particle size of – 100 + 25 mm, containing 25–45% Fetotal and 3–35% of Femagn and requiring dressing. It is found that effective separation of the initial feedstock into ore and dirt is ensured by the X-ray radiometric method of separation of coarse particles – 50 + 25 mm in size. At the analytical parameter equal to 2, the increase in the content of Fetotal in the ore product reaches 1.18 times at the loss of 5.52%.
Iron ore, coarse particle separation, mineralogical and technological properties, magnetic separation, gravity separation, radiometric separation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060121
REFERENCES
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PROCESS FLOW CHARTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROCESSING OF BAUXITE WITH INCREASED CONTENTS OF IRON AND FINE PARTICLES OF VALUABLE COMPONENTS
V. I. Rostovtsev
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: benevikt@misd.ru
The author investigated the modes of thermal and heat-and-radiation treatment of ferruginous bauxite from Vezhayu–Vorykva deposit and revealed different mechanisms of mineral transformations. Under thermal treatment, oxo-hydroxides transform into anhydrous iron and aluminum oxides, while under heat-and-radiation treatment, scattered microelements form metal alloys and new minerals. It is recommended to ground ferruginous bauxite processing on basic science, first of all, nanomineralogy, and on phenomenon of phase heterogenization. This approach can promote an increase in recovery of fine particles of aluminum and other valuable components from low-grade bauxite and red mud by eco-friendly techniques.
Ferruginous bauxite, processing improvement, thermal treatment, accelerated electron treatment, magnetic sensitivity, dry magnetic separation, phase heterogenization, recovery, rare earths, rare metals, fine particles, valuable components
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060133
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A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF THE OPERATING VARIABLES IN A LABORATORY KNELSON CONCENTRATOR FOR ENRICHMENT OF CHROMITE ORE
Selcuk Samanli* and Ozan Osmanli
Usak University, Department of Mining Engineering, Usak, 64200 Turkey
*e-mail: selcuk.samanli@usak.edu.tr
ESAN Eczacibasi Industrial Raw Materials Co. Bozuyuk, Turkey
The article describes the experimental studies on the recovery of chromite ore obtained from the Askale-Kop deposit (Erzurum/Turkey) using a laboratory-type KC-MD3 Knelson concentrator. For this purpose, the parameters of pulp feed rate, fluidization water flow rate, pulp solids ratio, bowl speed and particle size were examined as variables in the experimental studies. As a result of the experiments, the maximum Cr2O3 grade was obtained at 54.68% in chromite concentrate at fluidization water flow rate of 12 l/min, pulp feed rate of 1.5 l/min, pulp solids ratio of 20% and bowl speed of 800 rpm. The highest concentrate recovery value (76.85%) was obtained at fluidization water flow rate of 6 l/min, pulp feed rate of 1.5 l/min, pulp solids ratio of 20% and bowl speed of 1080 rpm.
Knelson concentrator, operating parameters, chromite, enrichment, concentrate recovery
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060145
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THE USE OF FLOTATION AND HIGH-INTENSITY MAGNETIC SEPARATION TO IMPROVE FELDSPAR CONCENTRATE QUALITY
M. M. Ahmed, G. A. Ibrahim, A. M. E. Rizk, and N. A. Mahmoud*
Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
*e-mail: nour.ashraf@aun.edu.eg
The flotation process and magnetic separation are the most common methods for feldspar beneficiation containing approximately 0.4% Fe2O3 and 0.04% TiO2. A model MIH (13) 111-5 Induced Roll dry high-intensity magnetic separator was used in this investigation to produce high-quality feldspar concentrate, and investigate the effects of magnetic field strength and roll speed on reducing coloring minerals. The best results were obtained at a magnetic field intensity of 16600 Gauss and a roller speed of 24 rpm. A feldspar concentrate containing 0.16% Fe2O3, 0.01% TiO2 and 10.31% alkali minerals (K2O+Na2O) was obtained with a mass recovery of approximately 69.24%. As a result, the products that met the white glaze and ceramic requirements were produced.
Feldspar, iron, titanium, high-intensity magnetic separator, commercial use
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060157
REFERENCES
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COPPER LEACHING USING MIXED EXPLOSIVE-AND-REAGENT PRETREATMENT OF ORE BODY
A. V. Rasskazova*, A. G. Sekisov**, and A. A. Galim’yanov***
Institute of Mining, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, 680000 Russia
*e-mail: annbot87@mail.ru
**e-mail: sekisovag@mail.ru
***e-mail: azot-1977@mail.ru
The mixed explosive-and-reagent effect exerted on a cemented mineral mass, which simulated an ore body, by explosive charges arranged in reagent solutions was investigated. Pretreatment of the model material by explosive injection of different reagent systems leads to pre-oxidation of copper contained in the material, which stimulates its subsequent leaching. The maximal increment in copper recovery in pregnant solution reached 83% relative to the check value. For the pre-oxidation of copper contained in the model material, the mixed explosive-and-reagent treatment used: electrically activated solution sodium bicarbonate and peroxide, mixture of sodium hydroxide and peroxide, sodium hypochlorite and distilled water. The complexing agent in copper leaching was agent Jin Chan in standard and activated states. It is found that activation of solutions using electrochemically treated sodium bicarbonate before adding the complexing agent enables higher effective recovery of copper from model materials after mixed explosive-and-reagent injection preparation.
Copper, ore body model, mixed explosive-and-reagent effect, process solution, leaching
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060169
REFERENCES
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GEOINFORMATION SCIENCE
APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN ROCK MASS STRESS ASSESSMENT BY PHOTOELASTICITY
S. A. Neverov*, A. A. Neverov, A. I. Konurin, M. A. Adylkanova, and D. V. Orlov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: nsa_nsk@mail.ru
D. Serikbaev East Kazakhstan Technical University,
Ust-Kamenogorsk, 070004 Kazakhstan
The optical polarization method with ring-shaped photoelastic sensors, digital photography of isochromatic patterns and their clarification using neural networks is developed for the stress measurement in rock mass. The case-studies of the photoelasticity application in solving various problems of elasticity and rock pressure analysis are reviewed. As a result of a lab-scale experiment, a data set of 15000 isochromatic images is collected. The machine learning algorithm was a convolutional neural network, the Inception module. The authors recommend using downhole sensors for the continuous stress monitoring in underground mines and integrating the obtained data in a digital model with the help of IoT.
Photoelasticity, optical pattern, isochromatic curves, contour lines, modeling, sensor, experiment, borehole, stress–strain behavior, rock mass, neural networks, geomechanical data
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060170
REFERENCES
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THE USE OF GEOSPATIAL DATA IN THE INDUSTRIALLY DISTURBED LAND EVALUATION
N. S. Kosarev, A. A. Kolesnikov, A. V. Reznik, N. A. Nemova*, and D. S. Ozhogin
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: nemova-nataly@mail.ru
Siberian State University of Geosystems and Geotechnologies,
Novosibirsk, 630108 Russia
Abylkas Saginov Technical University,
Karaganda, 100027 Kazakhstan
The authors propose a sequence of acquisition and interpretation of geospatial data obtained using different methods and means during mineral mining toward the accuracy increase in evaluation of industrially disturbed land. This approach uses the concept of stage-wise transition from the areas of industrial facilities to their individual points. The integration of data of satellite surveys, ground-based laser scanning and unmanned aerial surveillance in the digital models of land areas is described. It is highlighted that the rational combination of different methods of geospatial data acquisition and interpretation produces a high-accurate geoinformation system of digital twins of various subsoil use facilities.
Industrially disturbed land, mineral mining, spatial data, unmanned aircraft system, laser scanning, geoinformation system
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060182
REFERENCES
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MINING ECOLOGY AND SUBSOIL MANAGEMENT
COAL INDUSTRY OF EASTERN RUSSIA: CURRENT SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
V. L. Gavrilov* and S. M. Tkach**
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: gvlugorsk@mail.ru
Chersky Institute of Mining of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Yakutsk, 677980 Russia
**e-mail: tkach@igds.ysn.ru
The features and trends of coal mining in the east of Russia are examined. The current and planned managerial decisions connected with coal production and supplies to competitive markets are analyzed. The coal products are ROM fuel, concentrate and middlings. The authors discuss approaches to effective mining and processing management within the chains of supplies, and to provision of the required quality of solid fuel produced and delivered to customers.
Coal, reserves, Eastern Russia, geotechnology, mining, consumption, ecology, volatile market, quality
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739123060194
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TIME SERIES FORECASTING OF INDIAN COAL MINES FATAL ACCIDENTS
Abinash Mohanty* and Devidas S. Nimaje**
Department of Mining Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela,
Odisha, 769008 India
*e-mail: abinash.nitian@gmail.com
**e-mail: dsnimaje@nitrkl.ac.in
The present study analyzes the fatal accident occurrences of seventy years from 1951 to 2020 in Indian coal mines. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, Brown’s double exponential smoothing method, Holt’s double exponential smoothing method, and neural network time series forecasting are used in this research to analyze fatal accidents and forecast future accident incidents. By analyzing various parameters of the applied models, the neural network model was found to be the most appropriate model for the collected data to forecast Indian coal mine accidents as it provides the least root mean squared error (RMSE) (17.62), and mean absolute error (MAE) (13.33) among all models. According to this study, the Neural Network model is the most suitable one to predict Indian coal mine fatality.
Accident forecasting, ARIMA, exponential smoothing, neural network, coal mine
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