JMS, Vol. 61, No. 3, 2025
GEOMECHANICS
CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS FOR CREEP, AND DEFORMATION- AND ENERGY-BASED CRITERIA OF ROCK FAILURE
A. M. Kovrizhnykh*, V. D. Baryshnikov**, and A. P. Khmelinin***
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: amkovr@mail.ru
**e-mail: v-baryshnikov@yandex.ru
***e-mail: hmelinin@misd.ru
For metals, soil and rocks, a creep model non-associated with the Tresca and Mohr–Coulomb yield surfaces is discussed. The constitutive laws for creep in the model contain angles of internal friction and dilatancy. The authors propose a procedure for finding angles of internal friction and dilatancy using creep curves obtained from testing cylindrical samples. Determination of the time of failure at different irreversible strain rates and different initial stress levels uses the deformation-based and energy-based failure criteria applicable to both uniform and non-uniform stress states under long-term loading.
Rock creep, long-term strength, dissipation function, internal friction, dilatancy, failure time, associated and non-associated flow rules
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030019
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EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF DISSIPATION FACTOR IN ROCK SAMPLES OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND GENESIS
V. S. Salyukov, Ya. O. Kutkin, and A. S. Voznesenskii*
National University of Science and Technology—NUST MISIS,
Moscow, 119049 Russia
*e-mail: asvoznesenskii@misis.ru
The analysis of dynamic events in the earth’s crust should take into account internal mechanical losses (energy dissipation) in rocks. Such dynamic events often have a frequency under 1 Hz. Internal mechanical losses are estimated in terms of the dissipation factor Q–1. Rayleigh damping represents the dissipation factor with respect to the direct and inverse dependence on frequency. The authors performed three-point bending tests of rock samples of different types and genesis. The dissipation factors are calculated for various frequencies of deformation. The empirical dependences of the dissipation factor on the frequency in a range of 0.003–0.100 Hz are approximated by Rayleigh damping. The coefficients of variation and determination are calculated to define conformity between the experiment and model data, the conclusion on the good agreement with the Rayleigh model is made, and the causes of differences between experimental and theoretical results are listed.
Lab-scale system, rocks, cyclic testing, mechanical hysteresis, internal mechanical losses, dissipation factor, Rayleigh damping
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030020
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IMPACT OF SUBZERO TEMPERATURES ON WATER IMPERMEABILITY OF TUBING SUPPORT IN VERTICAL MINE SHAFTS
V. N. Aptukov**, V. V. Tarasov*, O. V. Ivanov, and P. V. Nikolaev
VNII Galurgii,
Perm, 614000 Russia
*e-mail: Vladislav.Tarasov@uralkali.com
Perm State National Research University,
Perm, 614000 Russia
**e-mail: Aptukov@psu.ru
Thermal environment in vertical mine shafts has a significant influence on the shaft support and reinforcement, and on the safety of the while hoisting facility. Fluctuation of air flow temperature causes thermal deformation of structural elements in the shafts. Subzero temperature air enters mine shafts in the winter season because of deficient heating of air supply shafts and as a result of air flow reversal in ventilation shafts. As a consequence, tubing support in the shafts experiences cooling, the tubing joints open, and water inflow in the shaft goes over and above a guideline value, which can initiate an accident. The authors analyze the impact of subzero temperatures on the opening of tubing joints after change in the stress–strain behavior of the tubing ring–concrete lining–rock mass system. The developed and implemented numerical model of the mentioned geotechnical system determines patterns of temperatures and deformations in tubing rings in the periods of exposure to cold.
Mine shaft, tubing support, subzero temperatures, opening of joints, modeling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030032
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APPLICABILITY OF UNDERPUMP SUCKER-ROD FOR EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
A. M. Svalov
Institute of Oil and Gas Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, 119333 Russia
e-mail: svalov@ipng.ru
Mathematical modeling investigates the influence of an underpump sucker-rod on the longitudinal vibration intensity in the oilwell tubing and pumping unit assembly during operation of an electric submersible pump (ESP). The use of the underpump sucker-rods with a length of 1/4 wavelength with a dominant frequency of longitudinal vibrations of ESP reduces the vibration rate at this frequency by 2–3 times, and the diameter of the underpump sucker-rod is of no importance. Such underpump sucker-rods in producing oil wells can help improve reliability and service life of ESP. When an underpump sucker-rod is set on the well bottom and pressed to the casing string along a spiral line, the longitudinal vibrations of the underpump sucker-rod transform into variable side stresses which influence the casing string and the reservoir rocks in the bottomhole formation zone, while no increase in the longitudinal vibration rate takes place in the pumping unit. The working ESP with the underpump sucker-rod rest on the well bottom conditions continuous vibration effects on a pay zone in the course of the well operation, which improves permeability of rocks in the bottomhole formation zone.
Producing oil well, electric submersible pump, vibrations, underpump sucker-rod, vibration effect on reservoir rocks
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030044
REFERENCES
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SEISMIC IMPACT OF MASS BLASTING ON OVERBURDEN DUMP STABILITY
Z. Z. Sharafiev* and V. I. Kulikov
Academician Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, 119334 Russia
*e-mail: ZulfatSharafiev@yandex.ru
The seismic observations of dumps at Mikhailovsky GOK open pit mine are carried out during mass blasting. The curves of the acceleration amplitude and velocity of vibrations in a blast-induced seismic wave and the reduced distance are plotted. The dynamic stability of the overburden dumps is estimated. It is shown that at certain reduced distances, multiple seismic effects of mass blasting can lead to the loss of the dynamic stability of the dumps. The results are applicable in mass blasting design and in location and parametrization of overburden dumps.
Slope failure, multiple effects, drilling and blasting, overburden dumps, seismic vibrations, mass blasts
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030056
REFERENCES
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APPLICATION OF MODIFIED TUNNEL SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR JOINTED ROCK MASS ALONG HIMALAYAS
N. Abbas**, K. G. Li*, L. Wang, M. Z. Emad, and Nasir Abbas
Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology,
Kunming, Yunnan, 650093 China
*e-mail: likegang_78@163.com
Department of Mining Engineering Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit, Pakistan
**e-mail: naeem.abbas@kiu.edu.pk
King Fahad University of Petroleum and Minerals—KFUPM Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Support design in underground mining and tunneling excavations is dependent on the geological and geotechnical behavior of rock mass. The rock mass rating and Q-System are the key parameters to design support system. The existing support system in tunneling projects along Himalayas were studied, and it was observed that the support was lighter in some cases and heavier in others. Based on the real time data obtained from active tunneling projects and geologic conditions along Himalayas, the modified support criteria (RMR19) using back calculations and incorporating stress factor in RMR and Q have been applied in this study. The stress reduction factor of the Q-system was also studied. The existing and modified RMR and Q are statistically correlated with a significant R2 value.
Tunneling, rock mass rating, stress reduction factor, support
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030068
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ROCK FRACTURE
THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF ADAPTATION PROCESS TO ADJUST DRILLING AND BLASTING PATTERNS TO STRUCTURALLY COMPLEX MINERAL DEPOSITS
V. L. Yakovlev*, S. N. Zharikov, A. S. Regotunov, and V. A. Kutuev
Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Science,
Yekaterinburg, 620075 Russia
*e-mail: 9634447996@mail.ru
The article presents a theoretical substantiation of a dynamic adaptation process to adjust drilling and blasting patterns to structurally complex deposits and open pit mining using the integration of zoning theory and blast impulse theory. The key stages of approaches to drilling and blasting pattern designing are discussed. Emphasis is laid on the theory of rock fracture zoning with description of the zones of deformation, fracturing and seismic effect depending on the blast impulse. The calculation formulas are proposed to determine the blast impulse, radii of fracture zones and energy balance to ensure efficient rock fragmentation and minimization of adverse effects. It is critical to introduce artificial intelligence systems capable to analyze geological data in real time. The principles of creation of the intelligence control systems for drilling and blasting adaptable to varying geological conditions are developed. This can enhance safety and efficiency of drilling and blasting at mines operating at structurally complex deposits in Russia.
Drilling and blasting, drilling and blasting pattern adaptation, structurally complex deposits, blast energy balance, blast impulse, blast impact zone, technique, seismic effect
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912503007X
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ESTIMATION METHODS OF DYNAMIC STRENGTH OF ROCKS
Yu. N. Linnik* and V. Yu. Linnik
State University of Management,
Moscow, 109542 Russia
*e-mail: yn_linnik@guu.ru
It is most effective to fracture very hard rocks by impact. On the other hand, application of the dynamic rock fracture method needs optimal parameters selected using modern techniques of estimation of rock fracture resistance dependent on the properties of rocks. The features of dynamic loading of an operating tool are discussed, and the classification of the dynamic rock testing methods is proposed. The rock crushability testing procedure is recommended. Resistance of rocks to fracture under dynamic loading is estimated, and the main estimation criterion is the volume yield of crushed material –7 mm in size. The strength characteristics of rocks from different testing methods were compared with the estimates of rock resistance to fracture by the selected criterion. The comparison shows a good agreement of the results, sufficient for engineering design.
Impact load, rock, properties of rocks, drilling, testing method, drill bit, drilling rate, fracture resistance
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030081
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MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
CAPACITY OF DIRECT DUMPING IN MIXED-TYPE TECHNOLOGIES OF OPENCAST SOLID MINERAL MINING
V. I. Cheskidov*, V. L. Gavrilov**, A. V. Reznik, and N. A. Nemova
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: cheskid@misd.ru
**e-mail: gvlugorsk@mail.ru
The article discusses capacities and benefits of stripping with direct dumping within the mixed-type mining technologies for structurally complex deposits of solid minerals. The authors emphasize practicality of this technology in different geological and geotechnical conditions of mineral mining, and develop a procedure to determine a reasonable application range of the technology within the mixed-type mining systems. The resource-saving process flowsheets are proposed for dragline mining of centroclinal fold-type, water-encroached and steeply dipping bedded deposits. The most feasible ways of enhancing efficiency of overburden removal with direct dumping are discussed.
Mineral deposit, solid minerals, mixed-type mining systems, direct dumping, process flowsheets, re-excavation, internal dumps, environmental safety
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030093
REFERENCES
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OPTIMIZATION ANALYSIS OF MEDIUM- TO LONG-TERM ORE DRAWING SCHEDULE BASED ON MIP IN BLOCK CAVE MINING
Zhu-li Ren*, Rui-fu Yuan, Li-guan Wang, Feng Du, and Haokun Deng
School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University,
Jiaozuo, 454000 China
*e-mail: zhuliren@hpu.edu.cn
Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization,
Jiaozuo, 454000 China
School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University,
Changsha, 410083 China
The mining drawing schedule is related to the safety, environment and ground pressure control of mine production, and is of great significance for controlling the economic indicators of mine operation in block cave mining. The mixed integer programming (MIP) method has been proved to be very effective in solving the medium- to long-term drawing sequence optimization problem in mines. The amount of ore, three kinds of the draw points priority order with diamond undercutting mode, and the logical relationship are considered as constraints based on the value model of ore–rock mixing. The maximizing net present value of the mining operation is used as objective function. Application and analysis of the model is solved using CPLEX, MATLAB, and YALMIP for a specific Chinese copper mine using 770 drawpoints over 7-year (28-quarter) periods.
Block cave mining, drawing scheduling optimization, mixed integer programming, the medium- to long-term scheduling, ore–rock mixing, draw points priority
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912503010X
REFERENCES
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MINE AEROGASDYNAMICS
INSULATING PROPERTY OF LOAM TO PREVENT SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF COAL AND CARBONACEOUS ROCKS
V. A. Portola* and E. A. Kirenberg
Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University,
Kemerovo, 650000 Russia
*e-mail: portola2@yandex.ru
The studies find out that permeability of loam is 51.6 times less than permeability of coal mass. Thus, this disperse sediment can be used to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal and carbonaceous rocks. The major insulating effect is provided by a loam layer with a thickness of 0.06–0.08 m, which reduces permeability of an insulated mass by 5 times. The increase in this loam layer thickness has a minor effect on the permeability. Water sprinkling yet more decreases the permeability of loam but drying-out initiates cracks in the insulating material and they give access for air to oxidizable coal. Recovery of the insulating effect after exposure to water requires ripping and compaction of loam.
Spontaneous combustion of coal, loam, permeability, coal and carbonaceous rock insulation, spontaneous combustion prevention, compaction, water sprinkling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030111
REFERENCES
1. Skochinsky, A.A and Ogievsky, V.M., Rudnichnye pozhary (Fires in Mines), Moscow: Gornoe delo, 2011.
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4. Portola, V.A., Bobrovnikova, A.A., Paleev, D.Yu., Eremenko, A.A., and Shaposhnik, Yu.N., Velocity of Oxygen Adsorption in Self-Inflammable Sulfide Ore, Bezop. Truda Prom., 202, no. 1, pp. 57–62.
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11. Zhongyu Liu, Guo Qing, and Wanxing Ren, Research on the Effect of Wind Direction and Speed on the Distribution of Coal Temperature Field, Combustion Sci. Technol., 2024, vol. 196, pp. 5536–5549.
12. Portola, V.A., Cherskikh, O.I., Protasov, S.I., Seregin, E.A., and Shvakov, I.A., Peculiarities of Thermal Imaging in Detection of Spontaneous Combustion at an Opencast Coal Mine, Gorn. Prom., 2023, no. 1, pp. 95–100.
13. Verekh-Belousova, E.I. and Oleinik, N.V., Prospects of Remote Investigation of Spontaneous Combustion at Waste Dumps in Luganshchina, Vestn. LugGU Dalya, 2023, no. 1 (67), pp. 44–48.
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15. Kalaigoroda, V.V., Nikulin, N.Yu., Prostov, S.M., Shabanov, E.A., and Krupina, N.V., GPR-Based Monitoring of Spontaneous Combustion in Coal–Rock Mass, Izv. Vuzov. Gornyi Zh., 2022, no. 3, pp. 95–103.
16. Moshood, O., Bekir, G., Abisola, R., Andrew, M., and Thapelo, N., Influence of Antioxidants on Spontaneous Combustion and Coal Properties, Process Safety Environ Protect, 2021, vol. 148, pp. 1019–1032.
17. Xue Di, Hu Xiangming, Cheng Weimin, Wei Jianfeng, Zhao Yanyun, and Shen, L., Fire Prevention and Control Using Gel-Stabilization Foam to Inhibit Spontaneous Combustion of Coal: Characteristics and Engineering Applications, Fuel, 2020, vol. 264. 116903.
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MINERAL DRESSING
KINETIC FEATURES OF LEAD ION ACTIVATION OF SPHALERITE FLOTATION
S. A. Kondrat’ev* and I. A. Konovalov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: kondr@misd.ru
The authors propose a model of activation of sphalerite flotation by lead ions using the mechanism of physisorption of a collecting agent. Flotation tests determined the recovery of zinc and the quality of the concentrate depending on the volume densities of lead and xanthate, the ratio of their mole concentrations and pH of the flotation system. The ratio of lead and xanthate mole concentrations of the increased sphalerite floatability, which is condition of casual activation of sphalerite, is found. The causes of suppression of sphalerite floatability at the increase in a certain concentration of the activating agent or xanthate are disclosed. On the basis of sphalerite floatability suppression, it is recommended how to enhance selectivity of separation of sulphides in the lead flotation circuit.
Lead–zinc ore flotation, activation, lead cations, enhanced selectivity of recovery
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030123
REFERENCES
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5. Moslemi, H. and Gharabaghi, M., A Review on Electrochemical Behavior of Pyrite in the Froth Flotation Process, J. Industrial Eng. Chemistry, 2017, vol. 47, pp. 1–18.
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10. Liu, J., Ejtemaei, M., Nguyen, A.V., Wen, S., and Zeng, Y., Surface Chemistry of Pb-Activated Sphalerite, Miner. Eng., 2020, vol. 145. 106058.
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35. Kondrat’ev, S.A. and Konovalov, I.А., Effect of Collector Physisorption on Flotation of Galena with Xanthate and Pb2+, Journal of Mining Science, 2023, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 628–637.
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THEORY OF FLOCCULATION OF MINERAL SUSPENSIONS: CURRENT SITUATION
A. A. Lavrinenko and G. Yu. Gol’berg*
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: gr_yu_g@mail.ru
The review of literature and research findings exhibit current situation and the most challenging problems in theory of flocculation of mineral suspensions. With a view to enhancing efficiency of flocculants, it is advisable to have a science-based concept of selecting flocculants and their compositions, including functionally modified flocculants, with branched macro-molecules, with regard to laws of adsorption of flocculants at the surface of minerals. In the light of the revealed strength characteristics and laws of destruction of floccules, it is shown that for the further development of the theory, it is important to find interconnection of these parameters and fluid dynamics, and to study recombination of floccules. It is undoubtedly interesting to determine small concentrations of flocculants both for the analysis of formation of floccules and to disclose conditions of smart use of flocculants in the industry.
Theory of flocculation of mineral suspensions, flocculation mechanism, floccule structure, adsorption of polymers, moisture of floccule structures, floccule destruction, floccule recombination, determination of floccule solution concentrations in water
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030135
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40. Lavrinenko, А.А., Kunilova, I.V., Gol’berg, G.Yu., Rezchikova, P.S., and Komarova, S.G., Teoreticheskoe obosnovanie sposoba izmereniya kontsentratsii flokulyantov v tekhnologicheskikh vodakh obogatitel’nykh fabrik. Problemy osvoeniya nedr glazami molodykh v XXI veke (Theoretical Justification of the Method for Measuring Floc Concentration in Industrial Water of Processing Plants. Problems of Subsoil Development through the Eyes of Young People in the 21st Century), Moscow: IPKON RAN, 2021.
BIS-PIPERAZINE DITHIOCARBAMATE INTERACTION WITH SULFIDE MINERALS IN COMPLEX GOLD ORE
T. N. Matveeva*, N. K. Gromova, and V. A. Minaev
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: tmatveyeva@mail.ru
Because of the need to expand the range of promising Russian-manufacture reagents to replace import analogs, the authors study effect exerted by reagents from class of dithiocarbamates on the surface of sulfide minerals in composition of complex gold ore. New research methods are used to examine interaction of the test reagents with the gold-carrying minerals in flotation of complex ore. It is found that a new reagent of bis-piperazine dithiocarbamate is an efficient selective collector of mineral carriers of noble metals in flotation of complex gold ore. The test methods were UV spectroscopy, wetting angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning microscopy. Different adsorbed phases of the reagent on the polished section are determined and visualized. Selective attachment of the reagent at ore minerals can ensure their selective extraction in different concentrates in flotation of complex ore.
Sulfide minerals, laser microscopy, bis-piperazine dithiocarbamate, adsorption, wetting angle, hydrophobic behavior
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030147
REFERENCES
1. Chanturia, V.A., Scientific Justification and Development of Innovative Processes for Integrated Processing of Mineral Raw Materials, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2017, no. 11, pp. 7–13.
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3. Chanturiya, V.A. and Kondrat’ev, S.A., Contemporary Understanding and Developments in the Flotation Theory of Non-Ferrous Ores, Miner. Process. and Extr. Metall. Rev., 2019, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 390–401.
4. Bocharov, V.A., Ignatkina, V.A., and Kayumov, А.А., Teoriya i praktika razdeleniya mineralov massivnykh upornykh polimetallicheskikh rud tsvetnykh metallov (Theory and Practice of Separation of Minerals of Massive Refractory Polymetallic Ore of Non-Ferrous Metals), Moscow: Gornaya Kniga, 2019.
5. Aleksandrova, T.N., Orlova, А.V., and Taranov, V.A., Enhancement of Copper Concentration Efficiency in Complex Ore Processing by the Reagent Regime Variation, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 982–989.
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8. Kondrat’ev, S.A. and Sem’yanova, D.V., Procedure for Combining Collectors Toward Their Synergetic Effect Production in Flotation, Journal of Mining Science, 2024, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 1011–1021.
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15. Marfitsyn, А.V., Economic Effect of Using Flotent Reagents for the Mining Industry, Zoloto i Tekhnologii, 2020, no. 4 (50), pp. 102–105.
16. Chanturia, V.A. and Vigdergauz, V.E., Elektrokhimiya sul’fidov. Teoriya i praktika flotatsii (Electrochemistry of Sulfides. Theory and Practice of Flotation), Moscow: Ruda i Metally, 2008.
RECOVERY OF RARE ALKALI ELEMENTS FROM HYDROMINERAL RESOURCES BY ZEOLITE-BEARING ROCKS-BASED ADSORBENTS
K. K. Razmakhnin*, L. V. Shumilova, and I. B. Razmakhnina
Chita Division, Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Chita, 672032 Russia
*e-mail: igdranchita@mail.ru
Environmental Industrial Policy Center–Research Institute,
Moscow, 115054 Russia
The article proposes technology of processing and modification of zeolite-bearing rocks from the Shivyrtui and Talan-Gozagor deposits with a view to producing high-quality adsorbents to recover rare alkali elements from hydromineral resources. The mineral composition of zeolite-bearing rocks is described, and their electromagnetic and electrostatic separation is reported. Using a model solution with cations of rare alkali elements, the sorption capacity of initial, concentrated and modified zeolite-bearing rocks from the Shivyrtui and Talan-Gozagor deposits is analyzed. Sorption of rare alkali elements is studied as function of a solution/sorbent ratio. The influence of cations in the model solution composition on the capacity of zeolite is examined. The water treatment tests show high results which ensure the required quality of effluents.
Zeolite-bearing rocks, recovery, rare alkali elements, hydromineral resources, complex composition solutions, sorption, concentration, modification, best available technologies
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030159
REFERENCES
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15. Yaqub, M., Mee-Ngern, L., and Lee, W., Cesium Adsorption from an Aqueous Medium for Environmental Remediation: A Comprehensive Analysis of Adsorbents, Sources, Factors, Models, Challenges, and Opportunities, Sci. Total Environ., 2024, vol. 950. 175368.
APPLICATION OF NEW DITHIAZINE-CLASS COMPLEXING AGENT IN GALENA AND SPHALERITE SEPARATION IN FLOTATION
V. V. Getman* and A. Yu. Karkeshkina
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: ipkon@inbox.ru
The article studies a new collector represented by a dithiazine-class complexing agent—1-carboxy-2-perhydro-(1,3,5-dithiazine)-5-il ethane (CPDE). The study of the physicochemical properties of the agent and its interaction with the mineral surfaces of galena and sphalerite used the methods of IR and UV spectroscopy, as well as measurements of wetting angle and free energy. It is found that the agent makes the surface of galena hydrophobic and the surface of sphalerite hydrophilic. The comparative flotation results indicate that the CPDE possesses higher selectivity as compared with the PBX agent and ensures selective separation of galena and sphalerite during flotation.
Sphalerite, galena, monomineral flotation, selective reagents, laser and electron microscopy, wetting angle, adsorption, free surface energy
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030160
REFERENCES
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23. Aleksandrova, Т.N., Afanasova, А.V., Kuznetsov, V.V., and Aburova, V.А., Selection of Flotation Parameters for Sulfide Copper-Nickel Ore Based on Component Distribution Analysis, MIAB, 2022, no. 1, pp. 131–147.
MINING THERMOPHYSICS
PHYSICAL MODELING OF TEMPERATURE FIELD DYNAMICS AT COAL WASTE DUMPS IN DONBAS
O. A. Guzeev*, E. A. Ponamareva, and E. V. Borisenko
Institute of Physics of Mining Processes,
Donetsk, 283048 Russia
*e-mail: oleg.coin@mail.ru
The Donbas region has accumulated hundreds of coal waste dumps, and not less than one third of them are self-heating. With a view to substantiating parameters of a system for temperature monitoring of self-heating coal waste dumps, the temperature field dynamics was analyzed using model fills. It is found that a fill of unoxidized waste rocks possesses more pronounced properties of a heat accumulator than a fill of oxidized waste rocks. The rate of average temperature variation and the temperature field nonuniformity of the model fills under influence of internal and/or external sources of heat emission are governed by both grain-size composition and thermal destruction of waste rocks. The features of temperature stratification of heated model fills are conditioned by their genetic structure and by spatial location of heat sources. The research findings are useful for determination of sampling times for heat meters, adjustment of their positions in subsurface zones of self-heating waste dumps, as well as for interpretation of temperature monitoring data of such man-made formations.
Model fill, dump rocks, grain-size composition, thermal destruction, heating, heat sources, temperature field
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030172
REFERENCES
1. Gogola, K., Rogala, T., Magdziarczyk, M., and Smolińskiet, A., The Mechanisms of Endogenous Fires Occurring in Extractive Waste Dumping Facilities, Sustainability, 2020, vol. 12, no. 7, p. 2856.
2. Rуżański, Z., Fire Hazard in Coal Waste Dumps—Selected Aspects of the Environmental Impact, Proc. of 4th Polish Mining Congress, IOP Conf. Series: Earth Environ. Sci., 2018.
3. Jendruś, R., Chemical and Physical Aspects of Fires on Coal Waste Dumps, Zeszyty naukowe wyższej szkoły technicznej w katowicach, 2016, no. 8, pp. 131–149.
4. Trufanov, V.N., Rylov, V.G., and Meshchaninov, F.V., Pyrometamorphogenic Transformation of Mine Coal Waste in Burning Waste Heaps of the Eastern Donbas, Izv. Vuzov: Severo-Kavkazskii region. Ser. Estestvennye nauki, 2006, no. 1 (133), pp 88–94.
5. Nádudvari, Á., Kozielska, B., Abramowicz, A., Fabiańska, M., Ciesielczuk, J., Cabała, J., and Krzykawski, T., Heavy Metal-and Organic-Matter Pollution due to Self-Heating Coal-Waste Dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland), J. Hazardous Mater., 2021, vol. 412, p. 125244.
6. Górka, M., Bezyk, Y., Strąpoć, D., and Nęcki, J., The Origin of GHG’s Emission from Self-Heating Coal Waste Dump: Atmogeochemical Interactions and Environmental Implications, Int. J. Coal Geology, 2022, vol. 250, p. 103912.
7. Lupanciuc, M., Fabiańska, M.J., Szram, E.A., and Więcław, D., Potential Water and Soil Contaminants from Coal Waste Dump Being at the Late Stage of Self-Heating (Rymer Cones, Poland), Proc. of 30th Int. Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2021), European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021.
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9. Protasov, S.I., Seregin, Е.А., Portola, V.A., and Bobrovnikova, А.А., Study of Endogenous Fires in Waste Dumps of Coal Mining Enterprises, Bezopasnost’ truda v promyshlennosti, 2021, no. 8, pp. 65–70.
10. Instruktsiya po preduprezhdeniyu ekzogennoi i endogennoi pozharoopasnosti na ob’ektakh vedeniya gornykh rabot ugol’noi promyshlennosti: feder. normy i pravila v oblasti promyshlennoi bezopasnosti. Ser. 05, Vyp. 61 (Instructions for the Prevention of Exogenous and Endogenous Fire Hazards at Mining Facilities in the Coal Industry: Federal Standards and Rules in the Field of Industrial Safety. Ser. 05, Iss. 61), Moscow: ZAO NTTS PB, 2021.
11. Golovchenko, Е.А., Momot, D.I., and Pashkovskii, О.P., Fire-Safe Parameters for Forming a Flat Dump of Waste Rock, Nauch. Vestn. NIIGD Respirator, 2021, no. 2 (58), pp. 40–47.
12. Xiao, W., Ren, H., Zhao, Y. et al., Monitoring and Early Warning the Spontaneous Combustion of Coal Waste Dumps Supported by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing, J. Coal Sci. Technol., 2023, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 412–421.
13. Guzeev, О.А. and Korvyakova, N.P., About Classification and Determination of Self-Heating Factors of Coal Waste Dumps in Donbas, Izv. Vuzov: Severo-Kavkazskii region. Ser. Estestvennye nauki, 2024, no. 2(222), pp. 84–91.
14. Borisenko, E.V., Guzeev, О.А., Korvyakova, N.P., and Podrukhin, А.А., Assessment of Geodynamic Positions and Genetic Structures of Self-Heating Coal Waste Dumps in Relation to Heat Extraction from Waste Masses, Journal of Fundamental and Applied Mining Science, 2023, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 10–15.
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GEOINFORMATION SCIENCE
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PREDICTION OF GEODYNAMIC PHENOMENA IN ROCK MASSES
A. I. Konurin* and D. V. Orlov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: konurin@misd.ru
The deepest-level underground structures of various purpose are mines, tunnels, hydropower stations and underground research laboratories. The authors describe a possible classification of rockbursts by their initiation mechanism: ahead of a mined-out space, in a pillar, nearby a fault. The authors review the common applied systems of rockburst hazard prediction and select continuous measurement systems which produce data suitable for machine processing. The geodynamic situation prediction at a mineral deposit using artificial neural networks is described. The comparative test of machine learning methods for the analysis of geodynamic phenomena is carried out. The structure of artificial neural networks for the prediction of geodynamic phenomena and stability of underground openings is described. The seismic events in the Sheregesh Mine are selected for the analysis. It is found that different models accurately determine clusters of seismic events. k-means clustering produces the best results (97.92%).
Rock mass, rock burst, rockburst hazard, geodynamics, artificial neural networks, machine learning
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030184
REFERENCES
1. Adushkin, V.V., Besedina, А.N., Kocharyan, G.G., Semenova, I.E., Zhukova, S.A., and Zhuravleva, О.G., A New Approach to Monitoring the Hazard of Man-Made Earthquakes in the Vicinity of Mining Enterprises, Dokl. RAN. Nauki o Zemle, 2024, vol. 519, no. 1, pp. 527–534.
2. Kurlenya, М.V., Serdyukov, А.S., Azarov, А.V., and Nikitin, А.А., Numerical Modeling of Wavefields of Microseismic Events in Underground Mining, Journal of Mining Science, 2015, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 689–695.
3. Shtirts, V.A., Eremenko, А.А., Konurin, А.I., and Klishin, I.V., Experience in Predicting Geodynamic Phenomena during Large-Scale Blasting, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—MIAB, 2015, no. 7, pp. 196–206.
4. Bizyaev, А.А., Vostretsov, А.G., Smirnyagin, I.I., and Sharapova, М.D., Assessment of Stress–Strain Behavior from Electromagnetic Radiation Data in Rock Mass, Journal of Mining Science, 2024, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 1064–1070.
5. Rasskazov, I.Yu., Anikin, P.A., Grunin, А.P., Migunov, D.S., and Tereshkin, А.А., Improvement of Local Rockburst Control Equipment in Mineral Mining, Journal of Mining Science, 2023, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 862–869.
6. Eremenko, V.A., Khazhyylai, Ch.V., Umarov, А.R., and Lagutin, D.V., Quantitative Assessment of Stress-Strain State of the Rock Mass in the Severomuysk Tunnel, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2023, no. 1, pp. 58–64.
7. Prostov, S.М., Razumov, Е.Е., Mulev, S.N., and Shabanov, Е.А., Calculation and Hardware Base for Geological Monitoring of Rock Mass Condition by Recording Natural Electromagnetic Radiation, Izv. TPU. Inzhiniring georesursov, 2022, vol. 333, no. 11, pp. 18–193.
8. Hu, X., Su, G., Li, Z., Xu, C., Yan, X., Liu, Y., and Yan, L., Suppressing Rockburst by Increasing the Tensile Strength of Rock Surface: An Experimental Study, Tunneling and Underground Space Technol., 2021, vol. 107. 103645.
9. Pu, Y., Apel, D.B., and Xu, H., Rockburst Prediction in Kimberlite with Unsupervised Learning Method and Support Vector Classifier, Tunneling and Underground Space Technol., 2019, vol. 90, pp. 12–18.
10. Manouchehrian, A. and Cai, M., Numerical Modeling of Rockburst near Fault Zones in Deep Tunnels, Tunneling and Underground Space Technol., 2018, vol. 80, pp. 164–180.
11. Wang, S., Huang, L., and Li, X., Analysis of Rockburst Triggered by Hard Rock Fragmentation Using a Conical Pick under High Uniaxial Stress, Tunneling and Underground Space Technol., 2020, vol. 96. 103195.
12. Liu, F., Ma, T., Tang, C., and Chen, F., Prediction of Rockburst in Tunnels at the Jinping II Hydropower Station Using Microseismic Monitoring Technique, Tunneling and Underground Space Technol., 2018, vol. 81, pp. 480–493.
13. Xue, Y., Bai, C., Qiu, D., Kong, F., and Li, Z., Predicting Rockburst with Database Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Extreme Learning Machine, Tunneling and Underground Space Technol., 2020, vol. 98. — 103287.
14. Moganedi, K.A. and Stacey, T.R., Value Creation as an Approach to the Management and Control of Rockburst Damage in Tunnels, Tunneling and Underground Space Technol., 2018, vol. 83, pp. 545–551.
15. Zubkov, А.А., Intensification of Mining Operations and Reduction of Operational Risks for Ore Deposits by Using Solidifying Backfill during the Transition to a New Technological Structure, Doctor Tech. Sci. Thesis, Magnitogorsk, 2022.
16. Zhou, J., Zhang, Y., Li, C., He, H., and Li, X., Rockburst Prediction and Prevention in Underground Space Excavation, Underground Space, 2024, vol. 14, pp. 70–98.
17. Oliver, L.C., Sampara, P., Pearson, D., Martell, J., and Zarnke, A.M., Sarcoidosis in Northern Ontario Hard-Rock Miners: A Case Series, Am. J. Ind. Med., 2022, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 268–280.
18. Kozyrev, А.А., Kuznetsov, N.N., and Makarov, А.B., Rockburst-Hazard Criteria, Gornaya promyshlennost’, 2023, no. S1, pp. 61–68.
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22. Oparin, V.N., Karpov, V.N., Timonin, V.V., and Konurin, A.I., Evaluation of the Energy Efficiency of Rotary Percussive Drilling Using Dimensionless Energy Index, J. Rock Mech. and Geotech. Eng., 2022, no. 14, pp. 1486–1500.
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27. Bui, X.N., Nguyen, H., Choi, Y., Nguyen-Thoi, T., Zhou, J., and Dou, J., Prediction of Slope Failure in Open-Pit Mines Using a Novel Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Model Based on Decision Tree and Evolution Algorithm, Scientific Reports, 2020, vol. 10. — 9939.
28. Zhang, H., Xia, Y., Lin, M., Huang, J., and Yan, Y., A Three-Step Rockburst Prediction Model Based on Data Preprocessing Combined with Clustering and Classification Algorithms, Bull. Eng. Geology Env., 2024, vol. 83 266.
29. Tokarev, D.М. and Gorodnichev, М.G., Machine Learning-Based Anomaly Detection Using a Combination of k-means and smo Algorithms, Telekommunikatsii i informatsionnye tekhnologii, 2023, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 5–13.
MINING ECOLOGY AND SUBSOIL MANAGEMENT
ASSESSMENT ALGORITHM FOR PLANT COMMUNITIES OF NATURAL BIOTA IN AREAS OF MINE DUST DEPOSITION
Yu. P. Galchenko*, K. S. Tsygulev**, Yu. A. Ozaryan***, T. V. Kozhevnikova, and S. A. Orlov
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: schtrek@mail.ru
Computing Center, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Khabarovsk, 680000 Russia
**e-mail: kirill.tsygulev@mail.ru
Institute of Mining, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Khabarovsk, 680000 Russia
***e-mail: ozaryanigd@gmail.com
The article presents an assessment algorithm for vegetation in areas of coal dust pollution. Two problems are solved: delineation of a dust pollution area by the Enhanced Coal Dust Index with data clustering; calculation of vegetation indexes in selected clusters for the vegetation analysis. Clustering used the Hill Climbing algorithm. The source data were Sentinel-2 imagery obtained during the spring and summer seasons. The algorithm was tested as a case-study of the mining area of the Urgal Coal Mine in the Khabarovsk Krai. The test data for a period one year long show the vegetation damage on drawing nearer the test mine area.
Remote sensing, satellite image, geoecological monitoring, dust pollution, vegetation, clustering, vegetation indexes
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739125030196
REFERENCES
1. Mao, Y., Baodong, M., Liu, S., Wu, L., Zhang, X., and Yu, M., Study and Validation of a Remote Sensing Model for Coal Extraction Based on Reflectance Spectrum Features, Canadian J. Remote Sensing, 2014, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 327–335.
2. Xia, N., Hai, W., Song, G., and Tang, M., Identification and Monitoring of Coal Dust Pollution in Wucaiwan Mining Area, Xinjiang (China) Using Landsat Derived Enhanced Coal Dust Index, Plos one, 2022, vol. 17, no. 4. e0266517.
3. Oparin, V.N., Potapov, V.P., Giniyatullina, О.L., Andreeva, N.V., Schastlivtsev, Е.L., and Bykov, А.А., Evaluation of Dust Pollution of Air in Kuzbass Coal-Mining Areas in Winter by Data of Remote Earth Sensing, Journal of Mining Science, 2014, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 549–558.
4. Oparin, V.N., Potapov, V.P., Giniyatullina, О.L., Bykov, А.А., and Schastlivtsev, Е.L., Integrated Monitoring of Induced Air Pollution in Mining Regions, Journal of Mining Science, 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 945–953.
5. Struchkova, G.P., Krupnova, T.G., Tikhonova, S.A., and Kapitonova, T.A., Study of Snow Cover Pollution in Coal Mining Areas Using Spectral Characteristics, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—MIAB, 2021, no. 12-1, pp. 195–203.
6. Mikhailyukova, P.G., Petrakov, D.A., Tutubalina, O.V., Zimin, M.V., and Vikulina, M.A., Analysis of Snow Cover Pollution in Arctic Cities Based on Satellite Albedo Measurements, InterKarto, InterGIS, 2021, vol. 27, part 1, pp. 394–408.
7. Tigeev, A.A., Aksenov, N.V., Moskovchenko, D.V., and Pozhitkov, R.Yu., Assessment of Dust Pollution of the Atmosphere by Ground Survey and Remote Sensing Methods (Example of Tobolsk), Geograf. Vestn., 2021, no. 2 (57), pp. 121–134.
8. Yu, H. and Zahidi, I., Environmental Hazards Posed by Mine Dust, and Monitoring Method of Mine Dust Pollution Using Remote Sensing Technologies: An Overview, Science of the Total Environment, 2023, vol. 864. 161135.
9. Nie, X., Hu, Z., Ruan, M., Zhu, Q., and Sun, H., Remote-Sensing Evaluation and Temporal and Spatial Change Detection of Ecological Environment Quality in Coal-Mining Areas, Remote Sensing, 2022, vol. 14, no. 2. 345.
10. Zen’kov, I.V., Hung, C.L., and Anishchenko, Yu.A., Study of Mining and Restoration Ecology Processes in Vietnam Coal Deposits Using Remote Sensing Data, Ugol’. 2022, no. 7 (1156), pp. 21–24.
11. Ozaryan, Yu.A. and Vasyanovich, Yu.A., Main Environmental Aspects of Coal Deposit Mining Technology (on the example of the Burein Coal Mine), Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—MIAB, 2020, no. 1, pp. 15–25.
12. Ma, B., Yang, X., Yu, Y., Shu, Y., and Che, D., Investigation of Vegetation Changes in Different Mining Areas in Liaoning Province, China, Using Multisource Remote Sensing Data, Remote Sensing, 2021, vol. 13, no. 24. 5168.
13. Yang, X., Lei, S., Zhao, Y., and Cheng, W., Use of Hyperspectral Imagery to Detect Affected Vegetation and Heavy Metal Polluted Areas: A Coal Mining Area, China, Geocarto Int., 2022, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 2893–2912.
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